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Where is KPV being studied?

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Scientific intelligence record

Experience 2.0

Alpha-MSH-derived tripeptide

KPV

Also known as: Lys-Pro-Val, α-MSH(11-13), KPV tripeptide

KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide Lys-Pro-Val of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Preclinical studies associate KPV and related analogs with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, including modulation of NF-kB-linked signaling and epithelial inflammatory responses.

Record status

Traceability partial

Last meaningful update: 9/8/2026

Evidence searched through:
Not recorded
Assessment updated:
9/8/2026
Documented human review:
No documented human review recorded
Automated scientific assessment:
9/8/2026
AI source check:
9/26/2026

Published source links and profile text pass separate gates. Only a documented human review is labelled as human review; an automated scientific assessment applies deterministic checks, and an AI source check confirms only that a source exists and matches its identifiers. A source count alone does not establish a review.

Evidence coverage has three distinct layers. The corpus count is a transparent screening inventory, the featured set contains study-level tiering and interpretation, and the published-source count contains records promoted through the institutional publication workflow. Source validation, editorial publication, and scientific appraisal are separate decisions; these numbers must not be merged.

Ranked research corpus

204

Categorized publications with provisional ranking; scientific review remains separate.

Featured tiered studies

0

Cornerstone publications with study-level interpretation, limitations, and tier disclosure.

Research domains

6

Clinical and scientific questions synthesized independently across the evidence atlas.

Published source records

25

Database records promoted through the governed publication workflow—not the corpus total.

Corpus generated 2026-09-18. Counts remain separately labeled so screening is not represented as completed review.

Human experience · separate evidence stream

No community pattern is displayed yet

Eligible observations remain below the privacy and reliability threshold. WPF will not convert a handful of reports into a percentage, trend, or clinical claim.

Observation is valuable human context. It is not evidence of causation, efficacy, or safety.

Public display gate

n ≥ 20 eligible observations

Exact progress remains private before the threshold.

Contribute an observationArchive details

Intelligence snapshot

The state of the record

A compact view of what is represented, what remains unresolved, and how completely the record can be traced.

Ranked research corpus

204

Categorized screening records; proposed rankings remain pending human appraisal.

Featured tiered studies

0

Cornerstone studies with published study-level interpretation and tier disclosure.

Research domains

6

Independent evidence dossiers covering the major research questions.

Published source records

25

Source records published through the governed workflow; this count does not certify scientific conclusions.

Contradictions

0

Conflicting evidence relationships that remain visible.

Research gaps

1

Questions the current record identifies as unresolved.

Connected media

0

Media records explicitly linked to this scientific record.

What we know

Evidence, claims, and boundaries

The project separates represented evidence from qualification, contradiction, uncertainty, and what the evidence does not establish.

Reconciled domain conclusions

6 published domain syntheses connected to 0 featured studies

KPV no longer relies on the legacy “no public claim” state. Each research domain publishes a bounded synthesis, confidence level, evidence context, limitations, geographic applicability, regulatory interpretation, and research gaps. Publication of these syntheses is separate from the scientific review status shown above.

Inspect the reconciled evidence atlas
Inspect the published evidence record25 governed records · titles, provenance, and original-source linksOpen records ↓
2021Animal research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
46/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
25/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Self-Cross-Linked Hydrogel of Cysteamine-Grafted γ-Polyglutamic Acid Stabilized Tripeptide KPV for Alleviating TNBS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats.

KPV (Lys-Pro-Val), which is a tripeptide derived from alpha-MSH (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone), has an anti-inflammatory effect on colitis. ...

Authors
Sun J, Xue P, Liu J, Huang L, Lin G, Ran K, Yang J, Lu C, Zhao YZ, Xu HL.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00792
PubMed
34547895
Open original source
1979Animal research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
46/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
25/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Melanotropic peptides: presence in brain of normal and hypophysectomized rats, and subcellularly localized in synaptosomes.

MMPB was found to cross-react with an antiserum specific for the Lys-Pro-Val NH2 sequence in alpha-MSH, indicating that this C-terminal sequence of alpha-MSH may be present in its structure. ...

Authors
Loh YP, Zucker L, Verspaget H, Van Wimersma Greidanus TB.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1002/jnr.490040208
PubMed
229237
Open original source
2002Animal research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
46/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
25/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Changes in glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors of liver and kidney cytosols after pathologic stress and its regulation in rats.

The injections of anti-rat tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta polyclonal neutralizing antibody, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and KPV peptide (Ac-D-Lys-L-Pro-D-Val) might prevent a reduction in the binding capacity of glucocorticoid receptor in h …

Authors
Liu DH, Su YP, Zhang W, Lu SF, Ran XZ, Gao JS, Cheng TM.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1097/00003246-200203000-00022
PubMed
11990926
Open original source
2001Animal research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
46/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
25/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

[Changes in aldosterone binding activity of kidney cytosol after stress in rats and the regulation].

Changes in Rt and Kd of aldosterone binding activity were observed after injection of anti-rat TNF alpha and IL-1 beta antibodies, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and KPV peptide (Ac-D-Lys-L-Pro-D-Val). The results indicated that there were two type …

Authors
Liu DH, Su YP, Zhang W, Lou SF, Gao JS, Cheng TM.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
PubMed
11833422
Open original source
2010Animal research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
46/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
25/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Drug-loaded nanoparticles targeted to the colon with polysaccharide hydrogel reduce colitis in a mouse model.

We engineered nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver an anti-inflammatory tripeptide Lys-Pro-Val (KPV) to the colon and assessed its therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of colitis. ...CONCLUSIONS: Nanoparticles are a versatile drug delivery system that can overcome …

Authors
Laroui H, Dalmasso G, Nguyen HT, Yan Y, Sitaraman SV, Merlin D.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.003
PubMed
19909746
Open original source
2001Animal research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
46/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
25/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Characterization of melanocortin NDP-MSH agonist peptide fragments at the mouse central and peripheral melanocortin receptors.

The potent and enzymatically stable analogue NDP-MSH (Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Nle-Glu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH(2)) is a lead peptide for the identification of melanocortin amino acids important for receptor molecular recognition and stimulation. ...

Authors
Haskell-Luevano C, Holder JR, Monck EK, Bauzo RM.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1021/jm010061n
PubMed
11405661
Open original source
2022Animal research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
46/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
25/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

A KPV-binding double-network hydrogel restores gut mucosal barrier in an inflamed colon.

In vivo imaging confirmed that PMSP specifically adhered to the inflamed colonic mucosa of rats with TNBS-induced UC. KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) as a model drug was easily captured by PMSP through electrostatic interactions, thus retaining its bioactivity for a longer …

Authors
Zhao Y, Xue P, Lin G, Tong M, Yang J, Zhang Y, Ran K, Zhuge D, Yao Q, Xu H.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.039
PubMed
35245681
Open original source
1994Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Antiinflammatory influences of alpha-MSH molecules: central neurogenic and peripheral actions.

alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH1-13) and its COOH-terminal tripeptide alpha-MSH11-13 (Lys Pro Val) inhibit inflammation when administered systemically. Recent evidence indicates that alpha-MSH1-13 can likewise inhibit inflammation in the skin …

Authors
Macaluso A, McCoy D, Ceriani G, Watanabe T, Biltz J, Catania A, Lipton JM.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-04-02377.1994
PubMed
8158274
Open original source
1984Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Cyclic melanotropins. 5. Importance of the C-terminal tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val).

This peer-reviewed source examines Cyclic melanotropins. 5. Importance of the C-terminal tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val).

Authors
Cody WL, Wilkes BC, Muska BJ, Hruby VJ, Castrucci AM, Hadley ME.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1021/jm00375a018
PubMed
6332195
Open original source
1996Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Truncation studies of alpha-melanotropin peptides identify tripeptide analogues exhibiting prolonged agonist bioactivity.

Ac-Ser.Tyr-Ser-Nle4-Glu- His-DPhe7-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2(NDP-MSH), led to the discovery of tripeptide agonists possessing prolonged bioactivity in the frog skin assay. ...

Authors
Haskell-Luevano C, Sawyer TK, Hendrata S, North C, Panahinia L, Stum M, Staples DJ, Castrucci AM, Hadley MF, Hruby VJ.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1016/0196-9781(96)00141-6
PubMed
8899819
Open original source
2013Laboratory research
Evidence strength D · 49/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
45/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Synthesis and characterization of time-resolved fluorescence probes for evaluation of competitive binding to melanocortin receptors.

This peer-reviewed source examines Synthesis and characterization of time-resolved fluorescence probes for evaluation of competitive binding to melanocortin receptors.

Authors
Alleti R, Vagner J, Dehigaspitiya DC, Moberg VE, Elshan NG, Tafreshi NK, Brabez N, Weber CS, Lynch RM, Hruby VJ, Gillies RJ, Morse DL, Mash EA.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.052
PubMed
23890524
Open original source
2003Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Novel alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptide analogues with high candidacidal activity.

We recently demonstrated that alpha-MSH and its C-terminal sequence Lys-Pro-Val (alpha-MSH (11-13)) have antimicrobial effects against two major and representative pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. ...Because previous data suggested that …

Authors
Grieco P, Rossi C, Colombo G, Gatti S, Novellino E, Lipton JM, Catania A.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1021/jm0204338
PubMed
12593664
Open original source
2008Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: KPV is a tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val), which possesses anti-inflammatory properties; however, its mechanisms of action still remain unknown. ...

Authors
Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen HT, Yan Y, Sitaraman S, Merlin D.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1053/j.gastro.2007.10.026
PubMed
18061177
Open original source
1996Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Characterizations of the unusual dissociation properties of melanotropin peptides from the melanocortin receptor, hMC1R.

Variation in the degree of prolonged (residual) biological activity of the melanotropin peptides alpha-MSH (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Ac-Ser-Tyr-Met-Glu- His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2) and the superpotent analogues [Nle4,DPhe7]alpha-MSH (MT- …

Authors
Haskell-Luevano C, Miwa H, Dickinson C, Hadley ME, Hruby VJ, Yamada T, Gantz I.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1021/jm950407s
PubMed
8558511
Open original source
2017Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Peptide Receptor-Targeted Fluorescent Probe: Visualization and Discrimination between Chronic and Acute Ulcerative Colitis.

As a good receptor, the oligopeptide transporter (PepT1) is overexpressed in the colonic epithelial cells of chronic ulcerative colitis, which can deliver tripeptide KPV (Lys-Pro-Val, the C-terminal sequence of alpha-MSH) into cytosol in the intestine. Herein …

Authors
Zeng M, Shao A, Li H, Tang Y, Li Q, Guo Z, Wu C, Cheng Y, Tian H, Zhu WH.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1021/acsami.7b00936
PubMed
28349696
Open original source
2019Laboratory research
Evidence strength D · 49/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
45/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Are melanocortin peptides future therapeutics for cutaneous wound healing?

In the last year, it has been shown that the majority of cutaneous cell types express the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) that binds alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) with high affinity and elicits pleiotropic biological effects, for example modulation of inflammati …

Authors
Böhm M, Luger T.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1111/exd.13887
PubMed
30661264
Open original source
2005Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Three-dimensional structure of the alpha-MSH-derived candidacidal peptide [Ac-CKPV]2.

Previous research has shown that the immunomodulatory peptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and its carboxy-terminal tripeptide KPV (Lys-Pro-Val alpha-MSH11-13) have antimicrobial influences. By inserting a Cys-Cys linker between two units …

Authors
Catania A, Grieco P, Randazzo A, Novellino E, Gatti S, Rossi C, Colombo G, Lipton JM.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1111/j.1399-3011.2005.00265.x
PubMed
15946192
Open original source
2007Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Structure-function relationships and conformational properties of alpha-MSH(6-13) analogues with candidacidal activity.

We firstly demonstrated that alpha-MSH and its C-terminal sequence Lys-Pro-Val [alpha-MSH(11-13)] have antimicrobial effects against two major and representative pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. ...We focused on the sequence alpha-MSH(6- …

Authors
Carotenuto A, Saviello MR, Auriemma L, Campiglia P, Catania A, Novellino E, Grieco P.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00473.x
PubMed
17313459
Open original source
2001Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Conformational analysis of tripeptide Ac-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2, COOH-terminal sequence of alpha-MSH.

Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of alpha-MSH are due to the COOH-terminal peptide sequence, Lys-Pro-Val (alpha-MSH[11-13]). This tripeptide might be useful as a therapeutic agent in the control of fever and inflammatory reactions. ...

Authors
Chavatte P, Yous S, Lesieur D, Hénichart JP.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1211/0022357011776360
PubMed
11480545
Open original source
1982Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Largomycin: preparation, properties, and structure.

An N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis from the amino-terminal residue gave, for the first 32 residues, Asp-Ile-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Ala-Thr-Gly-Asn-Val-Gly-Lys-Pro-Leu-Val-Glu-Gly-Leu-Leu - Ala-Ala-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-Arg-Ala-Leu-Thr-Arg-Asn... The sequence from …

Authors
Vandré DD, Zaheer A, Squier S, Montgomery R.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1021/bi00263a037
PubMed
7138848
Open original source
1992Laboratory research
Evidence strength D · 49/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
45/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Peripheral analgesic activities of peptides related to alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and interleukin-1 beta 193-195.

Hyperalgesic responses to IL-1 beta were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-related peptides with the following order of potency: [N1(4),D-Phe7]alpha-MSH greater than alpha-MSH greater than Lys-D-Pro-Val greater than Lys …

Authors
Poole S, Bristow AF, Lorenzetti BB, Das RE, Smith TW, Ferreira SH.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14361.x
PubMed
1327383
Open original source
1982Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

[half-Cys4,half-Cys10]-alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a cyclic alpha-melanotropin exhibiting superagonist biological activity.

alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-melanotropin; alpha-MSH) is a linear tridecapeptide (Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2) that reversibly darkens amphibian skins by stimulating melanomsome (pigment granule) dispersion within …

Authors
Sawyer TK, Hruby VJ, Darman PS, Hadley ME.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1073/pnas.79.6.1751
PubMed
6281785
Open original source
1994Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Binding of anti-inflammatory alpha-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone peptides and proinflammatory cytokines to receptors on melanoma cells.

This peptide and a tripeptide that forms the COOH-terminal portion of the molecule (alpha-MSH11-13; Lys Pro Val) inhibit inflammation when given centrally or peripherally. Because of the similarity in their actions, the tripeptide has been presumed to be the …

Authors
Lyson K, Ceriani G, Takashima A, Catania A, Lipton JM.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1159/000097145
PubMed
7489322
Open original source
1998Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Solution structures of the melanocyte-stimulating hormones by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and dynamical simulated-annealing calculations.

The solution structures of both melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha-MSH (Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2) and its analog alpha-MSH-ND (Ac-Ahx-Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys-NH2) (Ahx, 2-aminohexanoic acid) have been determined by two-dim …

Authors
Lee JH, Lim SK, Huh SH, Lee D, Lee W.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2570031.x
PubMed
9799099
Open original source
1989Laboratory research
Evidence strength C · 60/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
78/100
Study design and bias control
42/100
Directness
88/100
Population relevance
30/100
Reporting quality
68/100
Replication
45/100

Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Design of potent linear alpha-melanotropin 4-10 analogues modified in positions 5 and 10.

alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a linear tridecapeptide (Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2) that has diverse physiological functions in addition to its reversible darkening of amphibian skins by stimulating melanos …

Authors
Al-Obeidi F, Hruby VJ, Castrucci AM, Hadley ME.
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1021/jm00121a032
PubMed
2535874
Open original source

Scientific context

Chemistry and represented biological context

Existing reviewed chemistry is preserved as scientific context. Chemistry and mechanism information do not establish clinical efficacy or safety.

Open chemistry and biological context ↓
Chemical identity

Molecular and structural record

Structured record
Molecular formula
C16H30N4O4
Molecular weight (Da)
342.44
Amino acid sequence
KPV

Chemical identity describes the recorded molecular information. It does not establish biological activity, clinical efficacy, safety, or therapeutic suitability.

Explore further

Continue through the research system

Move from this peptide record into the project's broader evidence, research, comparison, and methodology systems.

Research discovery

Compare peptides

Examine represented peptide records side by side.

Evidence system

Explore how scientific evidence is represented and reviewed.

Research hub

Enter the broader research and intelligence environment.

Methodology

Review project methods, boundaries, and interpretation rules.

Research

How the scientific record is developing

Chronology, unresolved research questions, opportunities, and researcher activity remain descriptive rather than evaluative.

Research chronology

  1. 1979 · study · Temporal status not established

    Melanotropic peptides: presence in brain of normal and hypophysectomized rats, and subcellularly localized in synaptosomes.

    peer_reviewed_research

  2. 1982 · study · Temporal status not established

    Largomycin: preparation, properties, and structure.

    peer_reviewed_research

  3. 1982 · study · Temporal status not established

    [half-Cys4,half-Cys10]-alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a cyclic alpha-melanotropin exhibiting superagonist biological activity.

    peer_reviewed_research

  4. 1984 · study · Temporal status not established

    Cyclic melanotropins. 5. Importance of the C-terminal tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val).

    peer_reviewed_research

  5. 1989 · study · Temporal status not established

    Design of potent linear alpha-melanotropin 4-10 analogues modified in positions 5 and 10.

    peer_reviewed_research

  6. 1992 · study · Temporal status not established

    Peripheral analgesic activities of peptides related to alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and interleukin-1 beta 193-195.

    peer_reviewed_research

  7. 1994 · study · Temporal status not established

    Antiinflammatory influences of alpha-MSH molecules: central neurogenic and peripheral actions.

    peer_reviewed_research

  8. 1994 · study · Temporal status not established

    Binding of anti-inflammatory alpha-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone peptides and proinflammatory cytokines to receptors on melanoma cells.

    peer_reviewed_research

  9. 1996 · study · Temporal status not established

    Truncation studies of alpha-melanotropin peptides identify tripeptide analogues exhibiting prolonged agonist bioactivity.

    peer_reviewed_research

  10. 1996 · study · Temporal status not established

    Characterizations of the unusual dissociation properties of melanotropin peptides from the melanocortin receptor, hMC1R.

    peer_reviewed_research

  11. 1998 · study · Temporal status not established

    Solution structures of the melanocyte-stimulating hormones by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and dynamical simulated-annealing calculations.

    peer_reviewed_research

  12. 2001 · study · Temporal status not established

    [Changes in aldosterone binding activity of kidney cytosol after stress in rats and the regulation].

    peer_reviewed_research

  13. 2001 · study · Temporal status not established

    Characterization of melanocortin NDP-MSH agonist peptide fragments at the mouse central and peripheral melanocortin receptors.

    peer_reviewed_research

  14. 2001 · study · Temporal status not established

    Conformational analysis of tripeptide Ac-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2, COOH-terminal sequence of alpha-MSH.

    peer_reviewed_research

  15. 2002 · study · Temporal status not established

    Changes in glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors of liver and kidney cytosols after pathologic stress and its regulation in rats.

    peer_reviewed_research

  16. 2003 · study · Temporal status not established

    Novel alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptide analogues with high candidacidal activity.

    peer_reviewed_research

  17. 2005 · study · Temporal status not established

    Three-dimensional structure of the alpha-MSH-derived candidacidal peptide [Ac-CKPV]2.

    peer_reviewed_research

  18. 2007 · study · Temporal status not established

    Structure-function relationships and conformational properties of alpha-MSH(6-13) analogues with candidacidal activity.

    peer_reviewed_research

  19. 2008 · study · Temporal status not established

    PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation.

    peer_reviewed_research

  20. 2010 · study · Temporal status not established

    Drug-loaded nanoparticles targeted to the colon with polysaccharide hydrogel reduce colitis in a mouse model.

    peer_reviewed_research

  21. 2013 · study · Temporal status not established

    Synthesis and characterization of time-resolved fluorescence probes for evaluation of competitive binding to melanocortin receptors.

    peer_reviewed_research

  22. 2017 · study · Temporal status not established

    Peptide Receptor-Targeted Fluorescent Probe: Visualization and Discrimination between Chronic and Acute Ulcerative Colitis.

    peer_reviewed_research

  23. 2019 · study · Temporal status not established

    Are melanocortin peptides future therapeutics for cutaneous wound healing?

    peer_reviewed_research

  24. 2021 · study · Temporal status not established

    Self-Cross-Linked Hydrogel of Cysteamine-Grafted γ-Polyglutamic Acid Stabilized Tripeptide KPV for Alleviating TNBS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats.

    peer_reviewed_research

  25. 2022 · study · Temporal status not established

    A KPV-binding double-network hydrogel restores gut mucosal barrier in an inflamed colon.

    peer_reviewed_research

  26. 2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established

    Regulatory review: not_approved

    European Union (EMA)

  27. 2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established

    Regulatory review: not_approved

    United States (FDA)

The represented chronology reflects records currently included in the governed dataset and does not claim to represent the entire scientific literature.

What still needs investigation

Claim traceability

No institutional claim record is currently represented for this peptide.

Evidence is missing or not represented as studied; this is not a conclusion that the intervention does not work.

Researchers represented in the evidence record12 bibliographic identities · open to inspect

These are bibliographic author identities derived from represented records. Name strings are not proof of unique real-world researcher identity, and publishing organizations are not treated as institutional affiliations.

Hruby VJ

6 represented evidence records

Years represented: 1982, 1984, 1989, 1996, 2013

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Catania A

5 represented evidence records

Years represented: 1994, 2003, 2005, 2007

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Hadley ME

4 represented evidence records

Years represented: 1982, 1984, 1989, 1996

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Castrucci AM

3 represented evidence records

Years represented: 1984, 1989, 1996

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Grieco P

3 represented evidence records

Years represented: 2003, 2005, 2007

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Hadley ME.

3 represented evidence records

Years represented: 1982, 1984, 1989

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Lipton JM

4 represented evidence records

Years represented: 1994, 2003, 2005

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Novellino E

3 represented evidence records

Years represented: 2003, 2005, 2007

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Cheng TM.

2 represented evidence records

Years represented: 2001, 2002

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Colombo G

2 represented evidence records

Years represented: 2003, 2005

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Dalmasso G

2 represented evidence records

Years represented: 2008, 2010

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Gao JS

2 represented evidence records

Years represented: 2001, 2002

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Connections

Follow the scientific relationships

Connections appear only when they are represented by the project’s underlying records.

Open 1 represented connection ↓

institution

peer_reviewed_research

represented evidence source

Traceability

Follow the record back to its source

The experience makes incomplete links visible instead of presenting a false impression of perfect provenance.

Source publication state

A governed source may be verified and approved for publication while its claim-to-evidence link is still incomplete.

Reviewer provenance state

“Human scientist reviewed: no” means that specific source-path attribution is not recorded. It does not silently negate the separate publication-review state.

Domain conclusion → Evidence

Connected

Evidence → Source

Connected

Source → Original record

Connected

Traceability documents how the project connects statements to records. It does not establish that a source is scientifically valid or that a claim is clinically true.

Reconciled for 6 domain conclusions and 0 featured studies.

Detailed study-to-domain mappings and original-source paths appear in the KPV evidence-governance section.

Inspect the ranked source records

Observational archive

What contributors reported

Observational archive data is intentionally separated from published scientific evidence.

Observational boundary

Insufficient eligible observations are available for display under the current filters.

Insufficient eligible observations are currently represented to display aggregated findings for this peptide.

Regulatory context

Published jurisdictional records

Regulatory status is jurisdiction-specific and time-dependent. It is presented as context, not as a recommendation for use or a substitute for scientific evidence evaluation.

Research + media

Media connected to this scientific record

Only media explicitly linked through the project’s relationship system appears here.

No scientifically connected media is currently represented for this peptide.

Sources + provenance

Read the scientific record with its boundaries intact

The public record organizes reviewed evidence; it does not establish scientific truth by itself.
Association, mechanism, observation and regulatory status must not be represented as proof of clinical efficacy or safety.
Observational reports describe contributor experiences and cannot establish causation, effectiveness, safety or clinical benefit.
Contradictory and qualifying evidence must remain visible rather than being silently discarded.
Absence of represented evidence is not evidence that research does not exist.
Research gaps identify unresolved questions; they are not negative conclusions.
Regulatory status is distinct from scientific evidence quality.
Media relationships provide context and explanation; they do not increase the strength of scientific evidence.
A section with no represented records is an incomplete project record, not a scientific conclusion.
Researcher and institutional relationships are shown only when supported by represented records and must not be interpreted as rankings or endorsements.

Generated: 11/8/2026, 5:28:45 PM

global evidence atlas

KPV research, ranked and separated by purpose

This is a deduplicated literature screening registry—not a claim that every mention directly proves efficacy or safety. Machine proposals remain visibly separate from governed human appraisal.

204Discoverable source universe
204Ranked screening records
6Research domains
0Accountably approved conclusions

204 matching records · ranked 2026-09-18

Page 1 of 9

Count reconciliation: 204 discoverable source records match the peptide identity query; 204 are retained in this bounded, ranked screening view; 0 belong to the separate governed layer labeled “Accountably approved conclusions.” Domain totals overlap because one publication may inform several questions.

governance and regulatory context

KPV: what this atlas does and does not establish

Last checked
2026-09-18
Accountable publication approval
Not yet approved by a named accountable reviewer. Machine screening only.

No new outcome conclusion is inferred from discovery metadata. Named accountable approval is required for governed scientific conclusions.

Regulatory status by jurisdiction

Absence of a record in this pass is not proof that no authorization exists. Status must remain jurisdiction-, product-, formulation-, and date-specific.

  • European Union (EMA)not approvedchecked 2026-09-08

    No centrally authorized EMA medicine for the named compound was identified in the EMA medicines database as of 8 September 2026.

    European Medicines Agency medicines database
  • United States (FDA)not approvedchecked 2026-09-08

    No FDA-approved drug product or therapeutic indication for the named compound was identified in Drugs@FDA as of 8 September 2026.

    Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs

25 of 204 screening records carry a machine-proposed evidence-strength grade; the remainder are unassigned pending further review.

KPV evidence · ranking key

How evidence is ranked

A tier describes the evidentiary role and design strength of a source. It is not a popularity score, proof that every conclusion is correct, or a substitute for claim-level review.

A

Practice-defining evidence

Large, well-conducted randomized trials; prespecified major outcomes; rigorous systematic reviews or meta-analyses; and major regulatory assessments.

B

Strong supporting evidence

Smaller randomized trials, strong prospective cohorts, prespecified secondary analyses, and high-quality comparative-effectiveness studies.

C

Contextual evidence

Retrospective cohorts, claims-database studies, pharmacovigilance analyses, mechanistic human research, and well-documented case series.

D

Signal-generating evidence

Case reports, conference abstracts, preclinical research, hypothesis-generating analyses, and expert commentary.

Tier and confidence answer different questions

Tier classifies source design and evidentiary role. Confidence reflects risk of bias, sample size, comparator quality, outcome relevance, follow-up, missing data, directness, replication, reporting quality, and whether conclusions stay within the measured results.

Funding and conflicts are disclosed and considered, but sponsorship never automatically changes a tier. Corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern override the original rating.

peptide explorer

Structural visualization and provenance

Evidence-class labeling remains visible even when interactive rendering is unavailable. Representative geometry is not an experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation.

Fully specified molecular identity

Molecular formula
C16H30N4O4
Molecular weight
342.44 g/mol
Exact identity / sequence notation
H-Lys-Pro-Val-OH (KPV)
Identity-defining modifications
  • Unmodified α-MSH-derived tripeptide
  • Free N-terminus and C-terminal carboxyl
PubChem CID
9835759
InChIKey
Not applicable / not verified

Complete tripeptide identity; no coordinate-bearing structure is asserted.

Sources: NIH PubChem — Lys-Pro-Val / KPV · reviewed 2026-09-17

Representative sequence-derived model
Structure source
Generated from this record's governed amino-acid sequence
Identifier
Not applicable — not a database structure
Method
Schematic layout ordered by residue position only; not a molecular-dynamics, homology, or fold prediction
Confidence / limitations
Illustrative only. Not physically accurate; carries no structural, binding-site, or activity meaning.
Provenance
WPF governed PeptideChemistry record
Retrieved / last reviewed
2026-09-17

This is a representative, sequence-derived model ordered by residue position only. It is not the peptide's experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation, and it carries no claim about real bond angles, distances, secondary structure, binding sites, or activity.

Suggested citation

  • APA

    World Peptide Foundation. (n.d.). KPV — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation. (Updated September 8, 2026.) https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/kpv

  • AMA / Vancouver

    World Peptide Foundation. KPV — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation website. Updated September 8, 2026. https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/kpv