European Union (EMA)
Regulator: EMA
not_approved
As of: 9/8/2026 · Temporal status not established
Scientific intelligence record
Experience 2.0
Alpha-MSH-derived tripeptide
Also known as: Lys-Pro-Val, α-MSH(11-13), KPV tripeptide
KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide Lys-Pro-Val of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Preclinical studies associate KPV and related analogs with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, including modulation of NF-kB-linked signaling and epithelial inflammatory responses.
Record status
Traceability partial
Last meaningful update: 9/8/2026
Governed reviewed evidence
25
Governed records, not an efficacy score or total literature count.
Evidence boundary
0 / 25
Claim-linked support versus recorded evidence.
Research gaps
1
Unresolved questions remain visible.
Human experience
Human experience · separate evidence stream
Eligible observations remain below the privacy and reliability threshold. WPF will not convert a handful of reports into a percentage, trend, or clinical claim.
Observation is valuable human context. It is not evidence of causation, efficacy, or safety.
Public display gate
n ≥ 20 eligible observations
Exact progress remains private before the threshold.
Intelligence snapshot
A compact view of what is represented, what remains unresolved, and how completely the record can be traced.
Governed reviewed evidence
25
Reviewed database records promoted through the governed publication workflow.
Contradictions
0
Conflicting evidence relationships that remain visible.
Research gaps
1
Questions the current record identifies as unresolved.
Connected media
0
Media records explicitly linked to this scientific record.
What we know
The project separates represented evidence from qualification, contradiction, uncertainty, and what the evidence does not establish.
This does not mean the scientific literature contains no findings. It means no reviewed institutional claim has been represented here.
Scientific context
Existing reviewed chemistry is preserved as scientific context. Chemistry and mechanism information do not establish clinical efficacy or safety.
Chemical identity describes the recorded molecular information. It does not establish biological activity, clinical efficacy, safety, or therapeutic suitability.
Explore further
Move from this peptide record into the project's broader evidence, research, comparison, and methodology systems.
Research
Chronology, unresolved research questions, opportunities, and researcher activity remain descriptive rather than evaluative.
1979 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
1982 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
1982 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
1984 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
Connections
Connections appear only when they are represented by the project’s underlying records.
institution
Traceability
The experience makes incomplete links visible instead of presenting a false impression of perfect provenance.
Source publication state
A governed source may be verified and approved for publication while its claim-to-evidence link is still incomplete.
Reviewer provenance state
“Human scientist reviewed: no” means that specific source-path attribution is not recorded. It does not silently negate the separate publication-review state.
Claim → Evidence
Incomplete
Evidence → Source
Connected
Source → Original record
Connected
Traceability documents how the project connects statements to records. It does not establish that a source is scientifically valid or that a claim is clinically true.
Incomplete links: claim-to-evidence
Self-Cross-Linked Hydrogel of Cysteamine-Grafted γ-Polyglutamic Acid Stabilized Tripeptide KPV for Alleviating TNBS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats.
Observational archive
Observational archive data is intentionally separated from published scientific evidence.
Observational boundary
Insufficient eligible observations are available for display under the current filters.
Insufficient eligible observations are currently represented to display aggregated findings for this peptide.
Regulatory context
Regulatory status is jurisdiction-specific and time-dependent. It is presented as context, not as a recommendation for use or a substitute for scientific evidence evaluation.
European Union (EMA)
Regulator: EMA
As of: 9/8/2026 · Temporal status not established
United States (FDA)
Regulator: FDA
As of: 9/8/2026 · Temporal status not established
Research + media
Only media explicitly linked through the project’s relationship system appears here.
No scientifically connected media is currently represented for this peptide.
Sources + provenance
KPV evidence · ranking key
A tier describes the evidentiary role and design strength of a source. It is not a popularity score, proof that every conclusion is correct, or a substitute for claim-level review.
Large, well-conducted randomized trials; prespecified major outcomes; rigorous systematic reviews or meta-analyses; and major regulatory assessments.
Smaller randomized trials, strong prospective cohorts, prespecified secondary analyses, and high-quality comparative-effectiveness studies.
Retrospective cohorts, claims-database studies, pharmacovigilance analyses, mechanistic human research, and well-documented case series.
Case reports, conference abstracts, preclinical research, hypothesis-generating analyses, and expert commentary.
Tier classifies source design and evidentiary role. Confidence reflects risk of bias, sample size, comparator quality, outcome relevance, follow-up, missing data, directness, replication, reporting quality, and whether conclusions stay within the measured results.
peptide explorer
Evidence-class labeling remains visible even when interactive rendering is unavailable. Representative geometry is not an experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation.
Fully specified molecular identity
Complete tripeptide identity; no coordinate-bearing structure is asserted.
Sources: NIH PubChem — Lys-Pro-Val / KPV · reviewed 2026-09-17
Governed scientific evidence
Duplicate-safe scientific sources under accountable human review. Identified or pending records do not contribute as approved evidence.
Audit view
Human and preclinical evidence remain separate. Source identity, claim-to-source traceability, review dates, conflicts, limitations, and unknowns stay visible rather than being collapsed into one score.
Below display gate
Observations never become clinical evidence.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
KPV (Lys-Pro-Val), which is a tripeptide derived from alpha-MSH (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone), has an anti-inflammatory effect on colitis. ...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
MMPB was found to cross-react with an antiserum specific for the Lys-Pro-Val NH2 sequence in alpha-MSH, indicating that this C-terminal sequence of alpha-MSH may be present in its structure. ...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
The injections of anti-rat tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta polyclonal neutralizing antibody, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and KPV peptide (Ac-D-Lys-L-Pro-D-Val) might prevent a reduction in the binding capacity of glucocorticoid receptor in h …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Changes in Rt and Kd of aldosterone binding activity were observed after injection of anti-rat TNF alpha and IL-1 beta antibodies, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and KPV peptide (Ac-D-Lys-L-Pro-D-Val). The results indicated that there were two type …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
We engineered nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver an anti-inflammatory tripeptide Lys-Pro-Val (KPV) to the colon and assessed its therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of colitis. ...CONCLUSIONS: Nanoparticles are a versatile drug delivery system that can overcome …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
The potent and enzymatically stable analogue NDP-MSH (Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Nle-Glu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH(2)) is a lead peptide for the identification of melanocortin amino acids important for receptor molecular recognition and stimulation. ...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
In vivo imaging confirmed that PMSP specifically adhered to the inflamed colonic mucosa of rats with TNBS-induced UC. KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) as a model drug was easily captured by PMSP through electrostatic interactions, thus retaining its bioactivity for a longer …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH1-13) and its COOH-terminal tripeptide alpha-MSH11-13 (Lys Pro Val) inhibit inflammation when administered systemically. Recent evidence indicates that alpha-MSH1-13 can likewise inhibit inflammation in the skin …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
This peer-reviewed source examines Cyclic melanotropins. 5. Importance of the C-terminal tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val).
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Ac-Ser.Tyr-Ser-Nle4-Glu- His-DPhe7-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2(NDP-MSH), led to the discovery of tripeptide agonists possessing prolonged bioactivity in the frog skin assay. ...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
This peer-reviewed source examines Synthesis and characterization of time-resolved fluorescence probes for evaluation of competitive binding to melanocortin receptors.
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
We recently demonstrated that alpha-MSH and its C-terminal sequence Lys-Pro-Val (alpha-MSH (11-13)) have antimicrobial effects against two major and representative pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. ...Because previous data suggested that …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
BACKGROUND & AIMS: KPV is a tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val), which possesses anti-inflammatory properties; however, its mechanisms of action still remain unknown. ...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Variation in the degree of prolonged (residual) biological activity of the melanotropin peptides alpha-MSH (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Ac-Ser-Tyr-Met-Glu- His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2) and the superpotent analogues [Nle4,DPhe7]alpha-MSH (MT- …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
As a good receptor, the oligopeptide transporter (PepT1) is overexpressed in the colonic epithelial cells of chronic ulcerative colitis, which can deliver tripeptide KPV (Lys-Pro-Val, the C-terminal sequence of alpha-MSH) into cytosol in the intestine. Herein …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
In the last year, it has been shown that the majority of cutaneous cell types express the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) that binds alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) with high affinity and elicits pleiotropic biological effects, for example modulation of inflammati …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Previous research has shown that the immunomodulatory peptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and its carboxy-terminal tripeptide KPV (Lys-Pro-Val alpha-MSH11-13) have antimicrobial influences. By inserting a Cys-Cys linker between two units …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
We firstly demonstrated that alpha-MSH and its C-terminal sequence Lys-Pro-Val [alpha-MSH(11-13)] have antimicrobial effects against two major and representative pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. ...We focused on the sequence alpha-MSH(6- …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities of alpha-MSH are due to the COOH-terminal peptide sequence, Lys-Pro-Val (alpha-MSH[11-13]). This tripeptide might be useful as a therapeutic agent in the control of fever and inflammatory reactions. ...
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
An N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis from the amino-terminal residue gave, for the first 32 residues, Asp-Ile-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Ala-Thr-Gly-Asn-Val-Gly-Lys-Pro-Leu-Val-Glu-Gly-Leu-Leu - Ala-Ala-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-Arg-Ala-Leu-Thr-Arg-Asn... The sequence from …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Hyperalgesic responses to IL-1 beta were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-related peptides with the following order of potency: [N1(4),D-Phe7]alpha-MSH greater than alpha-MSH greater than Lys-D-Pro-Val greater than Lys …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-melanotropin; alpha-MSH) is a linear tridecapeptide (Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2) that reversibly darkens amphibian skins by stimulating melanomsome (pigment granule) dispersion within …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
This peptide and a tripeptide that forms the COOH-terminal portion of the molecule (alpha-MSH11-13; Lys Pro Val) inhibit inflammation when given centrally or peripherally. Because of the similarity in their actions, the tripeptide has been presumed to be the …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
The solution structures of both melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha-MSH (Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2) and its analog alpha-MSH-ND (Ac-Ahx-Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys-NH2) (Ahx, 2-aminohexanoic acid) have been determined by two-dim …
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Automated structured-metadata baseline; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise this rating.
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a linear tridecapeptide (Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2) that has diverse physiological functions in addition to its reversible darkening of amphibian skins by stimulating melanos …
1989 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
1992 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
1994 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
1994 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
1996 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
1996 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
1998 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2001 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2001 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2001 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2002 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2003 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2005 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2008 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2010 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2013 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2019 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
peer_reviewed_research
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
European Union (EMA)
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
United States (FDA)
The represented chronology reflects records currently included in the governed dataset and does not claim to represent the entire scientific literature.
No institutional claim record is currently represented for this peptide.
Evidence is missing or not represented as studied; this is not a conclusion that the intervention does not work.
These are bibliographic author identities derived from represented records. Name strings are not proof of unique real-world researcher identity, and publishing organizations are not treated as institutional affiliations.
6 represented evidence records
Years represented: 1982, 1984, 1989, 1996, 2013
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
5 represented evidence records
Years represented: 1994, 2003, 2005, 2007
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
4 represented evidence records
Years represented: 1982, 1984, 1989, 1996
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
3 represented evidence records
Years represented: 1984, 1989, 1996
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
3 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2003, 2005, 2007
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
3 represented evidence records
Years represented: 1982, 1984, 1989
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
4 represented evidence records
Years represented: 1994, 2003, 2005
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
3 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2003, 2005, 2007
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2001, 2002
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2003, 2005
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2008, 2010
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2001, 2002
Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 0f6dcdd6bc64e0c40fe2da3e52c460ba
PMID: 34547895 · DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00792
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Melanotropic peptides: presence in brain of normal and hypophysectomized rats, and subcellularly localized in synaptosomes.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: c54fe62c5b1e3b4593b04ca29fc56827
PMID: 229237 · DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490040208
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Changes in glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors of liver and kidney cytosols after pathologic stress and its regulation in rats.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 8335732499277c0a3852a609b183f5d1
PMID: 11990926 · DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200203000-00022
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
[Changes in aldosterone binding activity of kidney cytosol after stress in rats and the regulation].
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 37677dfc6906788a8bde7f39be24a9a5
PMID: 11833422 · DOI: Unavailable
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Drug-loaded nanoparticles targeted to the colon with polysaccharide hydrogel reduce colitis in a mouse model.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 88bd4ad74658bcc15ee7a9a0326e5c1c
PMID: 19909746 · DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.003
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Characterization of melanocortin NDP-MSH agonist peptide fragments at the mouse central and peripheral melanocortin receptors.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 37dd520009218ca303d14dbb698e584d
PMID: 11405661 · DOI: 10.1021/jm010061n
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
A KPV-binding double-network hydrogel restores gut mucosal barrier in an inflamed colon.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: f7ed46b90980fc9ce7852201eda38154
PMID: 35245681 · DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.039
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Antiinflammatory influences of alpha-MSH molecules: central neurogenic and peripheral actions.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: a005622a37be70856d4c6dd22ebc7331
PMID: 8158274 · DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.14-04-02377.1994
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Cyclic melanotropins. 5. Importance of the C-terminal tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val).
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 8915529a2d8163526ce2f6a04b7f35c9
PMID: 6332195 · DOI: 10.1021/jm00375a018
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Truncation studies of alpha-melanotropin peptides identify tripeptide analogues exhibiting prolonged agonist bioactivity.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: ffe4a306dc657e46b34e7f3e1db8fef2
PMID: 8899819 · DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(96)00141-6
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Synthesis and characterization of time-resolved fluorescence probes for evaluation of competitive binding to melanocortin receptors.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 0064f91ffc0ab3df1bf28471eb6852f0
PMID: 23890524 · DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.052
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Novel alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptide analogues with high candidacidal activity.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 833d385acfaa16f26362aae7e91527ea
PMID: 12593664 · DOI: 10.1021/jm0204338
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: af139a1fb1de4dfbee6021e807aed5a0
PMID: 18061177 · DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.10.026
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Characterizations of the unusual dissociation properties of melanotropin peptides from the melanocortin receptor, hMC1R.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 6a210a4705acaf8a308143cf90bc9f09
PMID: 8558511 · DOI: 10.1021/jm950407s
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Peptide Receptor-Targeted Fluorescent Probe: Visualization and Discrimination between Chronic and Acute Ulcerative Colitis.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 345b8807f51cb9276f9677bdc55522f9
PMID: 28349696 · DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00936
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Are melanocortin peptides future therapeutics for cutaneous wound healing?
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 690b85e5cb7b70a9e639e705c7f984dc
PMID: 30661264 · DOI: 10.1111/exd.13887
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Three-dimensional structure of the alpha-MSH-derived candidacidal peptide [Ac-CKPV]2.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 4b4a24bfbde6e7017d29bedee6b46652
PMID: 15946192 · DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2005.00265.x
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Structure-function relationships and conformational properties of alpha-MSH(6-13) analogues with candidacidal activity.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: c53acea48fb5be7d01bce97886cb0aec
PMID: 17313459 · DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00473.x
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Conformational analysis of tripeptide Ac-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2, COOH-terminal sequence of alpha-MSH.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 6cebbe4c1cda2a31b5fb374a0a0246ee
PMID: 11480545 · DOI: 10.1211/0022357011776360
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Largomycin: preparation, properties, and structure.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 85048217bbb1dbd3f8891d367304eb5e
PMID: 7138848 · DOI: 10.1021/bi00263a037
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Peripheral analgesic activities of peptides related to alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and interleukin-1 beta 193-195.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 39b3857a09945fd5ac690aed808ad49d
PMID: 1327383 · DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14361.x
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
[half-Cys4,half-Cys10]-alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a cyclic alpha-melanotropin exhibiting superagonist biological activity.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 2f46451537b878592aa74a3ced9a6bf8
PMID: 6281785 · DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.6.1751
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Binding of anti-inflammatory alpha-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone peptides and proinflammatory cytokines to receptors on melanoma cells.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: fcfc763065482f84825b862ea645fc08
PMID: 7489322 · DOI: 10.1159/000097145
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Solution structures of the melanocyte-stimulating hormones by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and dynamical simulated-annealing calculations.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 5554363a5537fc3116e769a18c27ed86
PMID: 9799099 · DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2570031.x
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Design of potent linear alpha-melanotropin 4-10 analogues modified in positions 5 and 10.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: d2933c4acf50951f8c8f052f68c06599
PMID: 2535874 · DOI: 10.1021/jm00121a032
Extraction: not-recorded · Review: verified · Source state: unknown
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Generated: 9/18/2026, 3:04:00 PM
Funding and conflicts are disclosed and considered, but sponsorship never automatically changes a tier. Corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern override the original rating.
This is a representative, sequence-derived model ordered by residue position only. It is not the peptide's experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation, and it carries no claim about real bond angles, distances, secondary structure, binding sites, or activity.
Evidence searched through: Not recorded
Last accountable review: Sep 8, 2026
These are documentary and scientific-review signals, not conclusions of harm, ineffectiveness, safety, or absence of research.
This maturity index describes evidence-base development and governance. It is not a probability of efficacy, safety, truth, medical advice, or regulatory approval. Read the methodology.