Preparing the structured Flagship evidence library.
Flagship peptide evidence profile
These are deterministic research-intelligence signals, not clinical conclusions.
This research library contains structured AI-assisted scientific review. AI-assisted review is not accountable human scientific approval. Inclusion here does not constitute publication approval, clinical guidance, efficacy proof, or automatic promotion of a scientific conclusion.
global evidence atlas
This is a deduplicated PubMed screening registry—not a claim that every mention directly proves efficacy or safety. Machine proposals remain visibly separate from governed human appraisal.
500 matching records · ranked 2026-09-18
Page 1 of 20
BMC endocrine disorders · 2023 Nov 16 · PMID 37974132 · DOI 10.1186/s12902-023-01497-x
Comparative effectiveness
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2012 Dec · PMID 22734440 · DOI 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01639.x
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Drug delivery and formulation · Safety and tolerability · Mechanism and pharmacology · Comparative effectiveness
Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2016 Mar · PMID 26886440 · DOI 10.1007/s13300-016-0155-1
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Drug delivery and formulation · Mechanism and pharmacology · Comparative effectiveness
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2026 Jul 1 · PMID 42290292 · DOI 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001394
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia
European journal of endocrinology · 2025 Jul 31 · PMID 40747712 · DOI 10.1093/ejendo/lvaf153
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Safety and tolerability
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025 Jun 23 · PMID 39780397 · DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntaf005
Mechanism and pharmacology
Journal of affective disorders · 2025 Aug 1 · PMID 40203970 · DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2025.04.046
Weight loss and obesity
Diabetes care · 2025 Sep 1 · PMID 40627548 · DOI 10.2337/dc25-0490
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia
International journal of cardiology · 2016 Sep 15 · PMID 27343423 · DOI 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.028
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Weight loss and obesity
Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2012 · PMID 22365085 · DOI 10.18433/j3g883
Safety and tolerability · Comparative effectiveness
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2023 Jun · PMID 36843215 · DOI 10.1111/dom.15033
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Kidney outcomes
International journal of clinical practice · 2016 Aug · PMID 27456750 · DOI 10.1111/ijcp.12847
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Drug delivery and formulation · Safety and tolerability · Mechanism and pharmacology · Comparative effectiveness
Annals of nutrition & metabolism · 2023 · PMID 37883939 · DOI 10.1159/000534725
Mechanism and pharmacology
Diabetes care · 2022 Aug 1 · PMID 35679098 · DOI 10.2337/dc21-2275
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Drug delivery and formulation
Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research · 2022 Oct · PMID 35725020 · DOI 10.1136/jim-2021-002237
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Kidney outcomes
European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2020 Jun · PMID 32006325 · DOI 10.1007/s13318-020-00605-9
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Safety and tolerability · Mechanism and pharmacology
International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016 Sep 23 · PMID 27669277 · DOI 10.3390/ijerph13100941
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Cardiovascular outcomes · Safety and tolerability
Basic research in cardiology · 2021 Jan 25 · PMID 33495853 · DOI 10.1007/s00395-021-00842-2
Cardiovascular outcomes
Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021 · PMID 34867786 · DOI 10.3389/fendo.2021.742873
Weight loss and obesity
Journal of psychiatric research · 2020 May · PMID 32087425 · DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.02.015
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Weight loss and obesity
Journal of diabetes research · 2020 · PMID 32566685 · DOI 10.1155/2020/9783859
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Weight loss and obesity
Diabetes care · 2020 Oct · PMID 32816874 · DOI 10.2337/dc19-1350
Safety and tolerability · Ongoing development
Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2020 Oct · PMID 32856226 · DOI 10.1007/s13300-020-00904-z
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Comparative effectiveness
BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020 Oct · PMID 33037036 · DOI 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000773
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Drug delivery and formulation
Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018 Jun · PMID 29316164 · DOI 10.1111/dom.13206
Type 2 diabetes and glycemia · Weight loss and obesity · Cardiovascular outcomes · Drug delivery and formulation
Exenatide · PMID 29246950
Mean HbA 1c (8.3% [67.7 mmol/mol] at baseline) was reduced by 1.5% (16.8 mmol/mol) with semaglutide and 0.9% (10.0 mmol/mol) with exenatide ER (estimated treatment difference vs. exenatide ER [ETD] -0.62% [95% CI -0.80, -0.44] [-6.78 mmol/mol (95% CI -8.70, -4.86)]; P P 1c <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol) versus those taking exenatide ER (40%).
Exenatide · PMID 36066977
In addition, dopamine transporter availability was lower in the exenatide group compared with the placebo group.
Exenatide · PMID 28910237
A primary composite outcome event occurred in 839 of 7356 patients (11.4%; 3.7 events per 100 person-years) in the exenatide group and in 905 of 7396 patients (12.2%; 4.0 events per 100 person-years) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 1.00), with the intention-to-treat analysis indicating that exenatide, administered once weekly, was noninferior to placebo with respect to safety (P<0.001 for noninferiority) but was not superior to placebo with respect to efficacy (P=0.06 for superiority).
Exenatide · PMID 28781108
At 60 weeks, off-medication scores on part 3 of the MDS-UPDRS had improved by 1·0 points (95% CI -2·6 to 0·7) in the exenatide group and worsened by 2·1 points (-0·6 to 4·8) in the placebo group, an adjusted mean difference of -3·5 points (-6·7 to -0·3; p=0·0318).
Exenatide · PMID 17931093
It mirrors many of the effects of GLP-1, improving glycaemic control through a combination of mechanisms, which include glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, suppression of glucagon secretion, slowing of gastric emptying and reduced appetite.
Exenatide · PMID 16341288
Exenatide mirrors many of the effects of GLP-1, improving glycemic control through a combination of mechanisms, which include glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, suppression of glucagon secretion, slowing of gastric emptying, reduced appetite and enhanced beta-cell function.