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Where is Semaglutide being studied?

Find registered human studies, phases, products, recruitment status and reported research locations around the world. Registry search matches are separate from this profile’s reviewed evidence.

Find studies for Semaglutide →Worldwide registry directory

Scientific intelligence record

Experience 2.0

GLP-1 receptor agonist

Semaglutide

Semaglutide is a long-acting analogue of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) engineered for resistance to DPP-4 degradation and prolonged albumin binding. It selectively activates the GLP-1 receptor. In humans, its pharmacologic effects include glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, reduced glucagon secretion, delayed gastric emptying, reduced calorie intake, and lower body weight. Clinical effects and approved uses depend on the formulation, indication, population, and regulatory jurisdiction; this archive separates those contexts rather than treating semaglutide as a single undifferentiated claim.

Record status

Traceability partial

Last meaningful update: 9/9/2026

Evidence searched through:
Not recorded
Assessment updated:
9/9/2026
Documented human review:
9/22/2026
Automated scientific assessment:
None recorded
AI source check:
None recorded

Published source links and profile text pass separate gates. Only a documented human review is labelled as human review; an automated scientific assessment applies deterministic checks, and an AI source check confirms only that a source exists and matches its identifiers. A source count alone does not establish a review.

Evidence coverage has three distinct layers. The corpus count is a transparent screening inventory, the featured set contains study-level tiering and interpretation, and the published-source count contains records promoted through the institutional publication workflow. Source validation, editorial publication, and scientific appraisal are separate decisions; these numbers must not be merged.

Ranked research corpus

300

Categorized publications with provisional ranking; scientific review remains separate.

Featured tiered studies

37

Cornerstone publications with study-level interpretation, limitations, and tier disclosure.

Research domains

11

Clinical and scientific questions synthesized independently across the evidence atlas.

Published source records

25

Database records promoted through the governed publication workflow—not the corpus total.

Corpus generated 2026-09-17. Counts remain separately labeled so screening is not represented as completed review.

Human experience · separate evidence stream

No community pattern is displayed yet

Eligible observations remain below the privacy and reliability threshold. WPF will not convert a handful of reports into a percentage, trend, or clinical claim.

Observation is valuable human context. It is not evidence of causation, efficacy, or safety.

Public display gate

n ≥ 20 eligible observations

Exact progress remains private before the threshold.

Contribute an observationArchive details

Intelligence snapshot

The state of the record

A compact view of what is represented, what remains unresolved, and how completely the record can be traced.

Ranked research corpus

300

Categorized screening records; proposed rankings remain pending human appraisal.

Featured tiered studies

37

Cornerstone studies with published study-level interpretation and tier disclosure.

Research domains

11

Independent evidence dossiers covering the major research questions.

Published source records

25

Source records published through the governed workflow; this count does not certify scientific conclusions.

Contradictions

0

Conflicting evidence relationships that remain visible.

Research gaps

1

Questions the current record identifies as unresolved.

Connected media

0

Media records explicitly linked to this scientific record.

What we know

Evidence, claims, and boundaries

The project separates represented evidence from qualification, contradiction, uncertainty, and what the evidence does not establish.

Reconciled domain conclusions

11 published domain syntheses connected to 37 featured studies

Semaglutide no longer relies on the legacy “no public claim” state. Each research domain publishes a bounded synthesis, confidence level, evidence context, limitations, geographic applicability, regulatory interpretation, and research gaps. Publication of these syntheses is separate from the scientific review status shown above.

Inspect the reconciled claim-to-source graph
Inspect the published evidence record25 governed records · titles, provenance, and original-source linksOpen records ↓
2026FDA-approved clinical use
Evidence strength A+ · 95/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

WEGOVY (semaglutide) prescribing information, revised June 2026

The current US prescribing information defines approved indications, dosing, contraindications, warnings, adverse reactions, pharmacology, and clinical-study evidence for Wegovy. Label claims are jurisdiction-, formulation-, dose-, and revision-specific.

Source
official_product_labeling
Open original source
2025Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 91/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
18/100
Study design and bias control
40/100
Directness
15/100
Population relevance
15/100
Reporting quality
10/100
Replication
3/100

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Once-weekly semaglutide 7·2 mg in adults with obesity (STEP UP): a randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial.

STEP UP was a phase 3b randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled trial comparing semaglutide 7.2 mg, 2.4 mg, and placebo in adults with obesity without diabetes.

Authors
Sean Wharton, Paula Freitas, Jøran Hjelmesæth, Maria Kabisch, Kristian Kandler, Ildiko Lingvay, Maria Quiroga, Julio Rosenstock
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00226-8
PubMed
40961952
Open original source
2024Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 91/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
18/100
Study design and bias control
40/100
Directness
15/100
Population relevance
15/100
Reporting quality
10/100
Replication
3/100

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Persons with Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis.

Weight reduction has been shown to alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee, including pain. The effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on outcomes in knee osteoarthritis among persons with obesity has not been well studied. We conducted a 68-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial at 61 sites in 11 countries. Participants with obesity and knee osteoarthritis were randomized to semaglutide or placebo.

Authors
Henning Bliddal, Harold Bays, Sébastien Czernichow, Joanna Uddén Hemmingsson, Jøran Hjelmesæth, Thomas Hoffmann Morville, Anna Koroleva, Jesper Skov Neergaard
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1056/NEJMoa2403664
PubMed
39476339
Open original source
2019Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

PIONEER 6 randomized 3,183 high-cardiovascular-risk patients with type 2 diabetes to oral semaglutide or placebo. Major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 3.8% versus 4.8% (hazard ratio 0.79), establishing noninferiority; gastrointestinal events leading to discontinuation were more common with oral semaglutide.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1056/NEJMoa1901118
PubMed
31185157
Open original source
2021Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2.0 mg versus 1.0 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN FORTE): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3B trial

SUSTAIN FORTE compared weekly semaglutide 2.0 mg with 1.0 mg in 961 adults with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes. The 2.0 mg dose achieved modestly greater HbA1c and weight reductions with a broadly similar safety profile.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00174-1
PubMed
34293304
Open original source
2024Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Effects of Semaglutide on Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

FLOW randomized 3,533 patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease to weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg or placebo. The primary kidney-disease composite risk was lower with semaglutide, and the trial was stopped early after prespecified interim efficacy criteria were met.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1056/NEJMoa2403347
PubMed
38785209
Open original source
2023Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Oral semaglutide 50 mg taken once per day in adults with overweight or obesity (OASIS 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

OASIS 1 randomized 667 adults without type 2 diabetes to once-daily oral semaglutide 50 mg or placebo for 68 weeks. Oral semaglutide produced substantially greater weight reduction, with gastrointestinal adverse events more frequent during treatment.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01185-6
PubMed
37385278
Open original source
2025Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 91/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
18/100
Study design and bias control
40/100
Directness
15/100
Population relevance
15/100
Reporting quality
10/100
Replication
3/100

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.

A phase 3a multicenter double-blind trial evaluated coadministered cagrilintide and semaglutide versus active components and placebo for weight management in adults without diabetes.

Authors
W Timothy Garvey, Matthias Blüher, Cynthia Karenina Osorto Contreras, Melanie J Davies, Eva Winning Lehmann, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Domenica Rubino, Paolo Sbraccia
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1056/NEJMoa2502081
PubMed
40544433
Open original source
2016Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

SUSTAIN-6 randomized 3,297 patients with type 2 diabetes to weekly semaglutide or placebo for 104 weeks. The primary cardiovascular outcome occurred in 6.6% versus 8.9% (hazard ratio 0.74). Retinopathy complications were more frequent with semaglutide, while new or worsening nephropathy was less frequent.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1056/NEJMoa1607141
PubMed
27633186
Open original source
2025Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity.

In a 72-week, phase 3b randomized open-label trial of 751 adults with obesity without type 2 diabetes, mean body-weight change was −13.7% with semaglutide and −20.2% with tirzepatide. Gastrointestinal adverse events were the most common adverse events in both groups. Interpretation is limited to the studied population, doses, duration, active comparator, and open-label design.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1056/NEJMoa2416394
PubMed
40353578
Open original source
2021Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Semaglutide 2.4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

In STEP 2, 1,210 adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes were randomized to semaglutide 2.4 mg, semaglutide 1.0 mg, or placebo. At 68 weeks, mean body-weight change was −9.6% with 2.4 mg versus −3.4% with placebo; gastrointestinal adverse events were more frequent with semaglutide. Results are specific to the studied population and duration.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00213-0
PubMed
33667417
Open original source
2022Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: The STEP 1 trial extension.

This exploratory off-treatment extension followed 327 STEP 1 participants after withdrawal. Participants previously receiving semaglutide regained 11.6 percentage points of lost weight by week 120, and cardiometabolic measures generally moved toward baseline. The extension involved a subset of the parent trial and assessed withdrawal rather than continued randomized treatment.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1111/dom.14725
PubMed
35441470
Open original source
2021Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.

In STEP 1, 1,961 adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes were randomized to semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo plus lifestyle intervention. At 68 weeks, mean body-weight change was −14.9% with semaglutide versus −2.4% with placebo; gastrointestinal adverse events and discontinuations for gastrointestinal events were more frequent with semaglutide. Results are limited to the studied population and duration.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1056/NEJMoa2032183
PubMed
33567185
Open original source
2022Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Obesity Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

A random-effects meta-analysis of four randomized trials comprising 3,613 participants with obesity without diabetes found greater weight reduction with subcutaneous semaglutide than placebo and higher risks of gastrointestinal adverse events and treatment discontinuation. Conclusions inherit the designs, populations, durations, and quality of the included trials.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.15605/jafes.037.02.14
PubMed
36578889
Open original source
2021Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Effect of Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo as an Adjunct to Intensive Behavioral Therapy on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 3 Randomized Clinical Trial

In STEP 3, 611 adults without diabetes received intensive behavioral therapy and an initial low-calorie diet plus semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo. At week 68, estimated mean weight change was -16.0% versus -5.7%; gastrointestinal events were more frequent with semaglutide.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1001/jama.2021.1831
PubMed
33625476
Open original source
2021Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial

After a 20-week semaglutide run-in, 803 adults were randomized to continue semaglutide 2.4 mg or switch to placebo for 48 weeks. Continued treatment led to further weight loss while switching to placebo led to weight regain.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1001/jama.2021.3224
PubMed
33755728
Open original source
2022Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial

STEP 5 randomized 304 adults without diabetes to semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo for 104 weeks. Semaglutide produced substantially greater sustained weight reduction; gastrointestinal disorders were the most frequent adverse events.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1038/s41591-022-02026-4
PubMed
36216945
Open original source
2022Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Semaglutide 2.4 mg once a week in adults from east Asia with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes (STEP 6): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3a trial

STEP 6 studied 401 adults in East Asia with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes. Semaglutide 2.4 mg produced greater weight reduction than placebo at 68 weeks, with gastrointestinal disorders the most frequent adverse events.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00008-0
PubMed
35131037
Open original source
2022Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Effect of Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Daily Liraglutide on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes: The STEP 8 Randomized Clinical Trial

STEP 8 randomized 338 adults without diabetes to weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg, daily liraglutide 3.0 mg, or matched placebo. At 68 weeks, semaglutide produced greater mean weight reduction than liraglutide; gastrointestinal adverse events were common in both active groups.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1001/jama.2021.23619
PubMed
35015037
Open original source
2022Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adolescents with Obesity

In STEP TEENS, 201 adolescents with obesity, or overweight plus a weight-related condition, were randomized to semaglutide 2.4 mg or placebo plus lifestyle intervention for 68 weeks. Semaglutide produced a larger BMI reduction; gastrointestinal events were more frequent and cholelithiasis occurred in the semaglutide group.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1056/NEJMoa2208601
PubMed
36322838
Open original source
2023Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 90/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes

SELECT randomized 17,604 adults with established cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity but no diabetes. Major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 6.5% with semaglutide and 8.0% with placebo (hazard ratio 0.80); treatment discontinuation for adverse events was more frequent with semaglutide.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1056/NEJMoa2307563
PubMed
37952131
Open original source
2025Phase 1–2 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 86/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
18/100
Study design and bias control
35/100
Directness
15/100
Population relevance
15/100
Reporting quality
10/100
Replication
3/100

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

A small phase 2 double-blind randomized trial evaluated once-weekly semaglutide for alcohol consumption and craving in adults with alcohol use disorder.

Authors
Christian S Hendershot, Michael P Bremmer, Michael B Paladino, Georgios Kostantinis, Thomas A Gilmore, Neil R Sullivan, Amanda C Tow, Sarah S Dermody
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4789
PubMed
39937469
Open original source
2025Phase 1–2 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 86/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
18/100
Study design and bias control
35/100
Directness
15/100
Population relevance
15/100
Reporting quality
10/100
Replication
3/100

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes.

A double-blind event-driven superiority trial evaluated oral semaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, or both.

Authors
Darren K McGuire, Nikolaus Marx, Sharon L Mulvagh, John E Deanfield, Silvio E Inzucchi, Rodica Pop-Busui, Johannes F E Mann, Scott S Emerson
Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.1056/NEJMoa2501006
PubMed
40162642
Open original source
2019Phase 1–2 human evidence
Evidence strength B+ · 82/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Automated baseline based on evidence tier; full-text risk-of-bias review may revise it

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide.

This narrative review describes semaglutide molecular design, albumin-binding protraction, GLP-1 receptor pharmacology, and clinical development. It is useful for background and mechanism context but is not a primary efficacy estimate.

Source
peer_reviewed_research
DOI
10.3389/fendo.2019.00155
PubMed
31031702
Open original source
2024Observational human evidence
Evidence strength A · 83/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated

This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.

Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.

Source authority
18/100
Study design and bias control
32/100
Directness
15/100
Population relevance
11/100
Reporting quality
10/100
Replication
5/100

Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.

Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials examining long-term efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide for weight loss in adults without diabetes.

Authors
Areesha Moiz, Jeremy Y Levett, Kristian B Filion, Katya Peri, Pauline Reynier, Mark J Eisenberg
Source
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
DOI
10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.04.041
PubMed
38679221
Open original source

Scientific context

Chemistry and represented biological context

Existing reviewed chemistry is preserved as scientific context. Chemistry and mechanism information do not establish clinical efficacy or safety.

Open chemistry and biological context ↓
Chemical identity

Molecular and structural record

Structured record
Molecular formula
C187H291N45O59
Molecular weight (Da)
4113.58

Chemical identity describes the recorded molecular information. It does not establish biological activity, clinical efficacy, safety, or therapeutic suitability.

Explore further

Continue through the research system

Move from this peptide record into the project's broader evidence, research, comparison, and methodology systems.

Research discovery

Compare peptides

Examine represented peptide records side by side.

Evidence system

Explore how scientific evidence is represented and reviewed.

Research hub

Enter the broader research and intelligence environment.

Methodology

Review project methods, boundaries, and interpretation rules.

Research

How the scientific record is developing

Chronology, unresolved research questions, opportunities, and researcher activity remain descriptive rather than evaluative.

Research chronology

  1. 2016 · study · Temporal status not established

    Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

    peer_reviewed_research

  2. 2019 · study · Temporal status not established

    Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

    peer_reviewed_research

  3. 2019 · study · Temporal status not established

    The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide.

    peer_reviewed_research

  4. 2021 · study · Temporal status not established

    Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2.0 mg versus 1.0 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN FORTE): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3B trial

    peer_reviewed_research

  5. 2021 · study · Temporal status not established

    Semaglutide 2.4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

    peer_reviewed_research

  6. 2021 · study · Temporal status not established

    Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.

    peer_reviewed_research

  7. 2021 · study · Temporal status not established

    Effect of Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo as an Adjunct to Intensive Behavioral Therapy on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 3 Randomized Clinical Trial

    peer_reviewed_research

  8. 2021 · study · Temporal status not established

    Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial

    peer_reviewed_research

  9. 2022 · study · Temporal status not established

    Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: The STEP 1 trial extension.

    peer_reviewed_research

  10. 2022 · study · Temporal status not established

    Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Obesity Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

    peer_reviewed_research

  11. 2022 · study · Temporal status not established

    Two-year effects of semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity: the STEP 5 trial

    peer_reviewed_research

  12. 2022 · study · Temporal status not established

    Semaglutide 2.4 mg once a week in adults from east Asia with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes (STEP 6): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3a trial

    peer_reviewed_research

  13. 2022 · study · Temporal status not established

    Effect of Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Daily Liraglutide on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes: The STEP 8 Randomized Clinical Trial

    peer_reviewed_research

  14. 2022 · study · Temporal status not established

    Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adolescents with Obesity

    peer_reviewed_research

  15. 2023 · study · Temporal status not established

    Oral semaglutide 50 mg taken once per day in adults with overweight or obesity (OASIS 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

    peer_reviewed_research

  16. 2023 · study · Temporal status not established

    Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes

    peer_reviewed_research

  17. 2024 · study · Temporal status not established

    Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Persons with Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis.

    peer_reviewed_research

  18. 2024 · study · Temporal status not established

    Effects of Semaglutide on Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

    peer_reviewed_research

  19. 2024 · study · Temporal status not established

    Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

    systematic_review_or_meta_analysis

  20. 2025 · study · Temporal status not established

    Once-weekly semaglutide 7·2 mg in adults with obesity (STEP UP): a randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial.

    peer_reviewed_research

  21. 2025 · study · Temporal status not established

    Coadministered Cagrilintide and Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.

    peer_reviewed_research

  22. 2025 · study · Temporal status not established

    Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity.

    peer_reviewed_research

  23. 2025 · study · Temporal status not established

    Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

    peer_reviewed_research

  24. 2025 · study · Temporal status not established

    Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes.

    peer_reviewed_research

  25. 2026 · study · Temporal status not established

    WEGOVY (semaglutide) prescribing information, revised June 2026

    official_product_labeling

  26. 2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established

    Regulatory review: approved

    European Union (EMA)

  27. 2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established

    Regulatory review: approved

    United States (FDA)

The represented chronology reflects records currently included in the governed dataset and does not claim to represent the entire scientific literature.

What still needs investigation

Claim traceability

No institutional claim record is currently represented for this peptide.

Evidence is missing or not represented as studied; this is not a conclusion that the intervention does not work.

Researchers represented in the evidence record12 bibliographic identities · open to inspect

These are bibliographic author identities derived from represented records. Name strings are not proof of unique real-world researcher identity, and publishing organizations are not treated as institutional affiliations.

Jøran Hjelmesæth

2 represented evidence records

Years represented: 2024, 2025

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Amanda C Tow

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2025

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Anna Koroleva

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2024

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Areesha Moiz

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2024

Publishing organizations appearing in records: systematic_review_or_meta_analysis

Christian S Hendershot

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2025

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Cynthia Karenina Osorto Contreras

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2025

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Darren K McGuire

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2025

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Domenica Rubino

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2025

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Eva Winning Lehmann

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2025

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Georgios Kostantinis

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2025

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Harold Bays

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2024

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Henning Bliddal

1 represented evidence record

Years represented: 2024

Publishing organizations appearing in records: peer_reviewed_research

Connections

Follow the scientific relationships

Connections appear only when they are represented by the project’s underlying records.

Open 3 represented connections ↓

institution

peer_reviewed_research

represented evidence source

institution

official_product_labeling

represented evidence source

institution

systematic_review_or_meta_analysis

represented evidence source

Traceability

Follow the record back to its source

The experience makes incomplete links visible instead of presenting a false impression of perfect provenance.

Source publication state

A governed source may be verified and approved for publication while its claim-to-evidence link is still incomplete.

Reviewer provenance state

“Human scientist reviewed: no” means that specific source-path attribution is not recorded. It does not silently negate the separate publication-review state.

Domain conclusion → Evidence

Connected

Evidence → Source

Connected

Source → Original record

Connected

Traceability documents how the project connects statements to records. It does not establish that a source is scientifically valid or that a claim is clinically true.

Reconciled for 11 domain conclusions and 37 featured studies.

Detailed study-to-domain mappings and original-source paths appear in the Semaglutide evidence-governance section.

Inspect the reconciled source paths

Observational archive

What contributors reported

Observational archive data is intentionally separated from published scientific evidence.

Observational boundary

Insufficient eligible observations are available for display under the current filters.

Insufficient eligible observations are currently represented to display aggregated findings for this peptide.

Regulatory context

Published jurisdictional records

Regulatory status is jurisdiction-specific and time-dependent. It is presented as context, not as a recommendation for use or a substitute for scientific evidence evaluation.

Research + media

Media connected to this scientific record

Only media explicitly linked through the project’s relationship system appears here.

No scientifically connected media is currently represented for this peptide.

Sources + provenance

Read the scientific record with its boundaries intact

The public record organizes reviewed evidence; it does not establish scientific truth by itself.
Association, mechanism, observation and regulatory status must not be represented as proof of clinical efficacy or safety.
Observational reports describe contributor experiences and cannot establish causation, effectiveness, safety or clinical benefit.
Contradictory and qualifying evidence must remain visible rather than being silently discarded.
Absence of represented evidence is not evidence that research does not exist.
Research gaps identify unresolved questions; they are not negative conclusions.
Regulatory status is distinct from scientific evidence quality.
Media relationships provide context and explanation; they do not increase the strength of scientific evidence.
A section with no represented records is an incomplete project record, not a scientific conclusion.
Researcher and institutional relationships are shown only when supported by represented records and must not be interpreted as rankings or endorsements.

Generated: 11/8/2026, 5:24:39 PM

Accountable evidence registry

300 categorized and ranked publications

AI appraisal is complete for all 300 screening records. 297 are ready for one accountable bundle sign-off; 3 focused exceptions remain held instead of sending the full corpus through duplicate human review.

Browse the ranked evidence corpusReview the evidence atlas and traceability

Semaglutide evidence · ranking key

How evidence is ranked

A tier describes the evidentiary role and design strength of a source. It is not a popularity score, proof that every conclusion is correct, or a substitute for claim-level review.

A

Practice-defining evidence

Large, well-conducted randomized trials; prespecified major outcomes; rigorous systematic reviews or meta-analyses; and major regulatory assessments.

B

Strong supporting evidence

Smaller randomized trials, strong prospective cohorts, prespecified secondary analyses, and high-quality comparative-effectiveness studies.

C

Contextual evidence

Retrospective cohorts, claims-database studies, pharmacovigilance analyses, mechanistic human research, and well-documented case series.

D

Signal-generating evidence

Case reports, conference abstracts, preclinical research, hypothesis-generating analyses, and expert commentary.

Tier and confidence answer different questions

Tier classifies source design and evidentiary role. Confidence reflects risk of bias, sample size, comparator quality, outcome relevance, follow-up, missing data, directness, replication, reporting quality, and whether conclusions stay within the measured results.

Funding and conflicts are disclosed and considered, but sponsorship never automatically changes a tier. Corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern override the original rating.

peptide explorer

Structural visualization and provenance

Evidence-class labeling remains visible even when interactive rendering is unavailable. Representative geometry is not an experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation.

Fully specified molecular identity

Molecular formula
C187H291N45O59
Molecular weight
4113.58 g/mol
Exact identity / sequence notation
H-Aib-E-G-T-F-T-S-D-V-S-S-Y-L-E-G-Q-A-A-K(γGlu-2×OEG-C18 diacid)-E-F-I-A-W-L-V-R-G-R-G-OH
Identity-defining modifications
  • Aib at residue 2
  • Lys20 lipidated through γ-Glu and two OEG spacers with C18 diacid
  • Arg28 substitution
  • Free C-terminal carboxyl
PubChem CID
56843331
InChIKey
DLSWIYLPEUIQAV-CCUURXOWSA-N

Complete 2D chemical identity. PubChem does not provide a physical 3D conformer for this large flexible molecule; the viewer is residue-order geometry only.

Sources: NIH PubChem — Semaglutide · reviewed 2026-09-17

Representative sequence-derived model
Structure source
Generated from this record's governed amino-acid sequence
Identifier
Not applicable — not a database structure
Method
Schematic layout ordered by residue position only; not a molecular-dynamics, homology, or fold prediction
Confidence / limitations
Illustrative only. Not physically accurate; carries no structural, binding-site, or activity meaning.
Provenance
WPF governed PeptideChemistry record
Retrieved / last reviewed
2026-09-17

This is a representative, sequence-derived model ordered by residue position only. It is not the peptide's experimentally determined or predicted biological conformation, and it carries no claim about real bond angles, distances, secondary structure, binding sites, or activity.

Suggested citation

  • APA

    World Peptide Foundation. (n.d.). Semaglutide — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation. (Reviewed September 22, 2026.) https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/semaglutide

  • AMA / Vancouver

    World Peptide Foundation. Semaglutide — Peptide Scientific Intelligence. World Peptide Foundation website. Reviewed September 22, 2026. https://www.worldpeptidefoundation.org/directory/semaglutide