Pramlintide

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Pramlintide — Peptide Scientific Intelligence

What we know

Evidence, claims, and boundaries

The project separates represented evidence from qualification, contradiction, uncertainty, and what the evidence does not establish.

Reconciled domain conclusions

6 conclusions connected to 0 featured studies

Pramlintide no longer relies on the legacy “no public claim” state. Each research domain publishes a bounded conclusion, confidence level, evidence synthesis, limitations, geographic applicability, regulatory interpretation, and research gaps.

Inspect the reconciled evidence atlas

Inspect the published evidence record172 governed records · titles, provenance, and original-source linksOpen records ↓

2004Phase 1–2 human evidence

Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycaemic and weight control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year, randomized controlled trial.

Content-verified record concerning Pramlintide: "Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycaemic and weight control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year, randomized controlled trial." Abstract excerpt: The autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta-cells in Type 1 diabetes mellitus renders patients deficient in two glucoregulatory peptide hormones, insulin and amylin. With insulin replacement alone, most patients do not achieve glycaemic goals. We aimed to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of adjunctive therapy with pramlintide, a synthetic human amylin analogue, in patients wi

Source: peer_reviewed_research
DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01319.x
PubMed: 15498087

Open original source

2007Phase 1–2 human evidence

Progressive reduction in body weight after treatment with the amylin analog pramlintide in obese subjects: a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.

Scientific context

Chemistry and represented biological context

Existing reviewed chemistry is preserved as scientific context. Chemistry and mechanism information do not establish clinical efficacy or safety.

Open chemistry and biological context ↓

Chemical identity

Molecular and structural record

Structured record

Molecular formula: C171H267N51O53S2
Molecular weight: 3949
SMILES: CCC(C)C(C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C(=O)N)NC(=O)C4CCCN4C(=O)CNC(=O)C(CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC6=CNC=N6)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC7=CC=CC=C7)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C8CSSCC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N8)C(C)O)C)C(C)O)CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)N
InChI: InChI=1S/C171H267N51O53S2/c1-21-81(12)130(163(268)207-110(56-78(6)7)169(274)222-53-33-42-118(222)170(275)221-52-32-41-117(221)160(265)219-135(89(20)230)167(272)206-109(66-125(180)238)151(256)212-128(79(8)9)161(266)186-68-126(239)192-111(70-223)154(259)203-107(64-123(178)236)152(257)218-134(88(19)229)166(271)195-98(136(181)241)57-92-43-45-94(231)46-44-92)214-159(264)116-40-31-51-220(116)127(240)69-187-141(246)101(58-90-34-24-22-25-35-90)199-148(253)105(62-121(176)234)201-149(254)106(63-122(177)235)202-155(260)112(71-224)209-156(261)113(72-225)208-146(251)103(60-93-67-184-75-188-93)205-162(267)129(80(10)11)213-150(255)100(55-77(4)5)198-145(250)102(59-91-36-26-23-27-37-91)200-147(252)104(61-120(175)233)196-137(242)82(13)189-144(249)99(54-76(2)3)197-142(247)96(39-30-50-185-171(182)183)193-143(248)97(47-48-119(174)232)194-165(270)132(86(17)227)215-138(243)83(14)190-157(262)114-73-276-277-74-115(210-140(245)95(173)38-28-29-49-172)158(263)204-108(65-124(179)237)153(258)217-131(85(16)226)164(269)191-84(15)139(244)216-133(87(18)228)168(273)211-114/h22-27,34-37,43-46,67,75-89,95-118,128-135,223-231H,21,28-33,38-42,47-66,68-74,172-173H2,1-20H3,(H2,174,232)(H2,175,233)(H2,176,234)(H2,177,235)(H2,178,236)(H2,179,237)(H2,180,238)(H2,181,241)(H,184,188)(H,186,266)(H,187,246)(H,189,249)(H,190,262)(H,191,269)(H,192,239)(H,193,248)(H,194,270)(H,195,271)(H,196,242)(H,197,247)(H,198,250)(H,199,253)(H,200,252)(H,201,254)(H,202,260)(H,203,259)(H,204,263)(H,205,267)(H,206,272)(H,207,268)(H,208,251)(H,209,261)(H,210,245)(H,211,273)(H,212,256)(H,213,255)(H,214,264)(H,215,243)(H,216,244)(H,217,258)(H,218,257)(H,219,265)(H4,182,183,185)/t81-,82-,83-,84-,85+,86+,87+,88+,89+,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,133-,134-,135-/m0/s1
InChIKey: TZIRZGBAFTZREM-MKAGXXMWSA-N

Chemical identity describes the recorded molecular information. It does not establish biological activity, clinical efficacy, safety, or therapeutic suitability.

Research

How the scientific record is developing

Chronology, unresolved research questions, opportunities, and researcher activity remain descriptive rather than evaluative.

Research chronology

1996 · study · Temporal status not established
Effect of 14 days' subcutaneous administration of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide (AC137), on an intravenous insulin challenge and response to a standard liquid meal in patients with IDDM.
peer_reviewed_research
1997 · study · Temporal status not established
Amylin's pramlintide best of bad bunch of diabetes drugs.
peer_reviewed_research
1997 · study · Temporal status not established
Amylin and glycaemic regulation: a possible role for the human amylin analogue pramlintide.
peer_reviewed_research
1997 · study · Temporal status not established
Effects of 4 weeks' administration of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, on glycaemia control in patients with IDDM: effects on plasma glucose profiles and serum fructosamine concentrations.
peer_reviewed_research
1997 · study · Temporal status not established
USAN Council. List No.392. New names. Pramlintide.
peer_reviewed_research
1997 · study · Temporal status not established
Effects of Amylin and the Amylin Agonist Pramlintide on Glucose Metabolism
peer_reviewed_research
1997 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide: a human amylin analogue reduced postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
1997 · study · Temporal status not established
Effects of pramlintide, an analog of human amylin, on plasma glucose profiles in patients with IDDM: results of a multicenter trial.
peer_reviewed_research
1997 · study · Temporal status not established
Infusion of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, delays gastric emptying in men with IDDM.
peer_reviewed_research
1998 · study · Temporal status not established
Isolation and identification of peptide degradation products of heat stressed pramlintide injection drug product.
peer_reviewed_research
1998 · study · Temporal status not established
Nephrectomy decreases amylin and pramlintide clearance in rats.
peer_reviewed_research
1998 · study · Temporal status not established
The effect of single doses of pramlintide on gastric emptying of two meals in men with IDDM.
peer_reviewed_research
1998 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of human amylin, improves the metabolic profile of patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin. The Pramlintide in Type 2 Diabetes Group.
peer_reviewed_research
1998 · study · Temporal status not established
[Effects of pramlintide, an analog of amylin, on the regulation of glycemia].
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
1999 · study · Temporal status not established
The effect of pramlintide (amylin analogue) treatment on bone metabolism and bone density in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
peer_reviewed_research
1999 · study · Temporal status not established
Isolation and identification of cyclic imide and deamidation products in heat stressed pramlintide injection drug product.
peer_reviewed_research
1999 · study · Temporal status not established
Effects of the amylin analogue pramlintide on hepatic glucagon responses and intermediary metabolism in Type 1 diabetic subjects.
peer_reviewed_research
1999 · study · Temporal status not established
USAN Council. List No. 419. New names. Pramlintide acetate.
peer_reviewed_research
1999 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide. AC 137, ACO 137, Normylin, Symlin, Tripro-amylin.
peer_reviewed_research
1999 · study · Temporal status not established
The amylin analog pramlintide improves glycemic control and reduces postprandial glucagon concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
peer_reviewed_research
2000 · study · Temporal status not established
Kinetics of pramlintide degradation in aqueous solution as a function of temperature and pH.
peer_reviewed_research
2000 · study · Temporal status not established
Orthogonal HPLC methods for quantitating related substances and degradation products of pramlintide.
peer_reviewed_research
2000 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide injection drug product robustness studies.
peer_reviewed_research
2000 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide, an amylin analog, selectively delays gastric emptying: potential role of vagal inhibition.
peer_reviewed_research
2001 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide (Amylin).
peer_reviewed_research
2001 · study · Temporal status not established
Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a physiological approach toward improved metabolic control.
peer_reviewed_research
2001 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide: FDA wants more.
peer_reviewed_research
2002 · study · Temporal status not established
A randomized study and open-label extension evaluating the long-term efficacy of pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2002 · study · Temporal status not established
The human amylin analog, pramlintide, corrects postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2002 · study · Temporal status not established
The human amylin analog, pramlintide, reduces postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
peer_reviewed_research
2002 · study · Temporal status not established
Adjunctive therapy with the amylin analogue pramlintide leads to a combined improvement in glycemic and weight control in insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2002 · study · Temporal status not established
Anti-diabetogenic effect of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide, in Type 1 diabetes is not mediated by GLP-1.
peer_reviewed_research
2002 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide: an agent for glycemic control plus weight control?
peer_reviewed_research
2002 · study · Temporal status not established
Is pramlintide an adjunct to insulin therapy?
peer_reviewed_research
2002 · study · Temporal status not established
Effects of pramlintide, an amylin analogue, on gastric emptying in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.
peer_reviewed_research
2003 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial.
peer_reviewed_research
2003 · study · Temporal status not established
Ex vivo human placental transfer of the peptides pramlintide and exenatide (synthetic exendin-4).
peer_reviewed_research
2003 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
peer_reviewed_research
2003 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide: (AC 137, AC 0137, Symlin, Tripro-Amylin).
peer_reviewed_research
2003 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to regular insulin or insulin lispro in subjects with type 1 diabetes: a dose-timing study.
peer_reviewed_research
2003 · study · Temporal status not established
Impact of pramlintide on glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose, glucagon, and triglyceride excursions among patients with type 1 diabetes intensively treated with insulin pumps.
peer_reviewed_research
2003 · study · Temporal status not established
Addition of pramlintide to insulin therapy lowers HbA1c in conjunction with weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes approaching glycaemic targets.
peer_reviewed_research
2003 · study · Temporal status not established
Effect of pramlintide on A1C and body weight in insulin-treated African Americans and Hispanics with type 2 diabetes: a pooled post hoc analysis.
peer_reviewed_research
2004 · study · Temporal status not established
Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycaemic and weight control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year, randomized controlled trial.
peer_reviewed_research
2004 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide for the treatment of insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus: rationale and review of clinical data.
peer_reviewed_research
2004 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to insulin lispro in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a dose-timing study.
peer_reviewed_research
2004 · study · Temporal status not established
Effect of pramlintide on weight in overweight and obese insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients.
peer_reviewed_research
2004 · study · Temporal status not established
Effect of pramlintide on symptom, catecholamine, and glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in healthy subjects.
peer_reviewed_research
2005 · study · Temporal status not established
New drugs: exenatide, pramlintide acetate, and micafungin sodium.
peer_reviewed_research
2005 · study · Temporal status not established
Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide lowers HbA1c without concomitant weight gain and increased risk of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes approaching glycemic targets.
peer_reviewed_research
2005 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide (symlin) for diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2005 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
peer_reviewed_research
2005 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide acetate.
peer_reviewed_research
2005 · study · Temporal status not established
Effect of pramlintide on satiety and food intake in obese subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2005 · study · Temporal status not established
Effects of pramlintide on postprandial glucose excursions and measures of oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2005 · study · Temporal status not established
Properties of pramlintide and insulin upon mixing.
peer_reviewed_research
2005 · study · Temporal status not established
The effect of pramlintide on hormonal, metabolic or symptomatic responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2006 · study · Temporal status not established
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing pramlintide treatment in the setting of intensive insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2006 · study · Temporal status not established
Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
peer_reviewed_research
2006 · study · Temporal status not established
Diabetes basics. Exenatide and pramlintide. New meds on the block.
peer_reviewed_research
2006 · study · Temporal status not established
Update in the pharmacologic treatment of diabetes mellitus: focus on pramlintide and exenatide.
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2006 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide in the treatment of diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2006 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide in the management of insulin-using patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2006 · study · Temporal status not established
Exenatide and pramlintide: new therapies for diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2006 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide: A new tool in diabetes management.
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2006 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide
other
2006 · study · Temporal status not established
Use of Pramlintide: The Patient's Perspective
peer_reviewed_research
2006 · study · Temporal status not established
Exenatide and pramlintide: new glucose-lowering agents for treating diabetes mellitus.
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
Progressive reduction in body weight after treatment with the amylin analog pramlintide in obese subjects: a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.
peer_reviewed_research
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
Assessing treatment satisfaction in patients treated with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy.
peer_reviewed_research
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
Pharmacokinetics of an oral drug (acetaminophen) administered at various times relative to subcutaneous injection of pramlintide in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
Therapies for diabetes: pramlintide and exenatide.
peer_reviewed_research
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide treatment reduces 24-h caloric intake and meal sizes and improves control of eating in obese subjects: a 6-wk translational research study.
peer_reviewed_research
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
Is pramlintide a safe and effective adjunct therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes?
peer_reviewed_research
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes in a clinical practice setting reduced A1C, postprandial glucose excursions, and weight.
peer_reviewed_research
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide improved glycemic control and reduced weight in patients with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin.
peer_reviewed_research
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide acetate injection for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
Low-dose pramlintide reduced food intake and meal duration in healthy, normal-weight subjects.
peer_reviewed_research
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
The role of prandial pramlintide in the treatment of adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2007 · study · Temporal status not established
Effect of adjunctive pramlintide treatment on treatment satisfaction in patients with type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2008 · study · Temporal status not established
A biophysical characterization of the peptide drug pramlintide (AC137) using empirical phase diagrams.
peer_reviewed_research
2008 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
peer_reviewed_research
2008 · study · Temporal status not established
Sustained weight loss following 12-month pramlintide treatment as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention in obesity.
peer_reviewed_research
2008 · study · Temporal status not established
Clinical experience with the addition of pramlintide in patients with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2008 · study · Temporal status not established
Diabetes distress and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy.
peer_reviewed_research
2008 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide reduced markers of oxidative stress in the postprandial period in patients with type 2 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2008 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide reduces the risks associated with glucose variability in type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2008 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide, the synthetic analogue of amylin: physiology, pathophysiology, and effects on glycemic control, body weight, and selected biomarkers of vascular risk.
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2008 · study · Temporal status not established
Effect of pramlintide as an adjunct to basal insulin on markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2009 · study · Temporal status not established
Randomized comparison of pramlintide or mealtime insulin added to basal insulin treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2009 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide lowered glucose excursions and was well-tolerated in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: results from a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
peer_reviewed_research
2009 · study · Temporal status not established
Continuous subcutaneous pramlintide infusion therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes: observations from a pilot study.
peer_reviewed_research
2009 · study · Temporal status not established
Enhanced weight loss with pramlintide/metreleptin: an integrated neurohormonal approach to obesity pharmacotherapy.
peer_reviewed_research
2009 · study · Temporal status not established
Minimal reduction in insulin dosage with pramlintide therapy when pretreatment near-normal glycemia is established and square-wave meal bolus is used.
peer_reviewed_research
2009 · study · Temporal status not established
Solution state structures of human pancreatic amylin and pramlintide.
peer_reviewed_research
2009 · study · Temporal status not established
Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia with adjuvant premeal pramlintide and postmeal insulin in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
peer_reviewed_research
2009 · study · Temporal status not established
Psychometric properties of an instrument for assessing treatment satisfaction associated with pramlintide use.
peer_reviewed_research
2009 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide in pediatric type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2009 · study · Temporal status not established
Review of pramlintide as adjunctive therapy in treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2009 · study · Temporal status not established
A pilot trial of pramlintide home usage in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2010 · study · Temporal status not established
Patient reported outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes on basal insulin randomized to addition of mealtime pramlintide or rapid-acting insulin analogs.
peer_reviewed_research
2010 · study · Temporal status not established
Safety of pramlintide added to mealtime insulin in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: a large observational study.
peer_reviewed_research
2010 · study · Temporal status not established
Dose accuracy and injection force of disposable pens delivering pramlintide for the treatment of diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2010 · study · Temporal status not established
The role of pramlintide for weight loss.
peer_reviewed_research
2010 · study · Temporal status not established
Efficacy and harms of the hypoglycemic agent pramlintide in diabetes mellitus.
peer_reviewed_research
2010 · study · Temporal status not established
Enhanced weight loss following coadministration of pramlintide with sibutramine or phentermine in a multicenter trial.
peer_reviewed_research
2010 · study · Temporal status not established
Comparison of the post-meal glucose response to different insulin bolus waveforms in insulin pump- and pre-meal pramlintide-treated type 1 diabetes patients.
peer_reviewed_research
2011 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide and the treatment of diabetes: a review of the data since its introduction.
peer_reviewed_research
2011 · study · Temporal status not established
Primer on pramlintide, an amylin analog.
peer_reviewed_research
2011 · study · Temporal status not established
The effect of pramlintide acetate on glycemic control and weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in obese patients without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2012 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide: profile of an amylin analog.
peer_reviewed_research
2012 · study · Temporal status not established
[D-Leu-4]-OB3, a synthetic peptide amide with leptin-like activity, augments the effects of orally delivered exenatide and pramlintide acetate on energy balance and glycemic control in insulin-resistant male C57BLK/6-m db/db mice.
peer_reviewed_research
2012 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide
other
2012 · study · Temporal status not established
Effect of pramlintide on prandial glycemic excursions during closed-loop control in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2013 · study · Temporal status not established
Glycosylation of pramlintide: synthetic glycopeptides that display in vitro and in vivo activities as amylin receptor agonists.
peer_reviewed_research
2013 · study · Temporal status not established
In silico design of optimal ratio for co-administration of pramlintide and insulin in type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2013 · study · Temporal status not established
Novel therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: part 1. pramlintide and bromocriptine-QR.
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2013 · study · Temporal status not established
Study reanalysis using a mechanism-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of pramlintide in subjects with type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2013 · study · Temporal status not established
Recent and emerging therapeutic medications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: incretin-based, Pramlintide, Colesevelam, SGLT2 Inhibitors, Tagatose, Succinobucol.
peer_reviewed_research
2013 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide improved measures of glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus undergoing continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy.
peer_reviewed_research
2014 · study · Temporal status not established
Expression, purification, and biological activity of the recombinant pramlintide precursor.
peer_reviewed_research
2014 · study · Temporal status not established
Neuroprotective effects of the amylin analogue pramlintide on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and cognition.
peer_reviewed_research
2014 · study · Temporal status not established
A model of glucose-insulin-pramlintide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in type I diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2014 · study · Temporal status not established
Activity of pramlintide, rat and human amylin but not Aβ1-42 at human amylin receptors.
peer_reviewed_research
2014 · study · Temporal status not established
Convergent chemoenzymatic synthesis of a library of glycosylated analogues of pramlintide: structure-activity relationships for amylin receptor agonism.
peer_reviewed_research
2014 · study · Temporal status not established
Effects of pramlintide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis using daily insulin dose tertiles.
peer_reviewed_research
2015 · study · Temporal status not established
Analysis of the ability of pramlintide to inhibit amyloid formation by human islet amyloid polypeptide reveals a balance between optimal recognition and reduced amyloidogenicity.
peer_reviewed_research
2015 · study · Temporal status not established
Fixed ratio dosing of pramlintide with regular insulin before a standard meal in patients with type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2016 · study · Temporal status not established
Synthesis and amylin receptor activity of glycomimetics of pramlintide using click chemistry.
peer_reviewed_research
2016 · study · Temporal status not established
Amyloidogenesis of the amylin analogue pramlintide.
peer_reviewed_research
2016 · study · Temporal status not established
Impact of Disease Duration on the Effects of Pramlintide in Type 1 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of Three Clinical Trials.
peer_reviewed_research
2016 · study · Temporal status not established
Mitigating Meal-Related Glycemic Excursions in an Insulin-Sparing Manner During Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery: The Beneficial Effects of Adjunctive Pramlintide and Liraglutide.
peer_reviewed_research
2016 · study · Temporal status not established
Effect of Pramlintide on Postprandial Glucose Fluxes in Type 1 Diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide Antagonizes Beta Amyloid (Aβ)- and Human Amylin-Induced Depression of Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation.
peer_reviewed_research
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
Be positive: optimizing pramlintide from microcanonical analysis of amylin isoforms.
peer_reviewed_research
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
Zn(II) - pramlintide: Stability, binding sites and unexpected aggregation.
peer_reviewed_research
2017 · study · Temporal status not established
Efficacy and safety of pramlintide injection adjunct to insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
systematic_review_or_meta_analysis
2018 · study · Temporal status not established
Control of Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes by 24-Hour Fixed-Dose Coadministration of Pramlintide and Regular Human Insulin: A Randomized, Two-Way Crossover Study.
peer_reviewed_research
2018 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent pathways in human nucleus pulposus cells.
peer_reviewed_research
2018 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide, an antidiabetic, is antineoplastic in colorectal cancer and synergizes with conventional chemotherapy.
peer_reviewed_research
2018 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide: The Effects of a Single Drug Injection on Blood Phosphatidylcholine Profile for Alzheimer's Disease.
peer_reviewed_research
2018 · study · Temporal status not established
Physico-chemical properties of co-formulated fast-acting insulin with pramlintide.
peer_reviewed_research
2018 · study · Temporal status not established
Study of forced degradation behavior of pramlintide acetate by HPLC and LC-MS.
peer_reviewed_research
2018 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide but Not Liraglutide Suppresses Meal-Stimulated Glucagon Responses in Type 1 Diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2019 · study · Temporal status not established
Neuroprotective Effects of the Amylin Analog, Pramlintide, on Alzheimer's Disease Are Associated with Oxidative Stress Regulation Mechanisms.
peer_reviewed_research
2020 · study · Temporal status not established
A Novel Dual-Hormone Insulin-and-Pramlintide Artificial Pancreas for Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.
peer_reviewed_research
2020 · study · Temporal status not established
The effect of pramlintide, an antidiabetic amylin analogue, on angiogenesis-related markers <i>in vitro</i>.
peer_reviewed_research
2020 · study · Temporal status not established
A co-formulation of supramolecularly stabilized insulin and pramlintide enhances mealtime glucagon suppression in diabetic pigs.
peer_reviewed_research
2020 · study · Temporal status not established
Amylin and pramlintide modulate γ-secretase level and APP processing in lipid rafts.
peer_reviewed_research
2020 · study · Temporal status not established
Rediscovery of the Second β-Cell Hormone: Co-replacement With Pramlintide and Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
ADO09, a co-formulation of the amylin analogue pramlintide and the insulin analogue A21G, lowers postprandial blood glucose versus insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
Alleviating carbohydrate counting with a FiASP-plus-pramlintide closed-loop delivery system (artificial pancreas): Feasibility and pilot studies.
peer_reviewed_research
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
Ultra-Fast Insulin-Pramlintide Co-Formulation for Improved Glucose Management in Diabetic Rats.
peer_reviewed_research
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
Effects of pramlintide on energy intake and food preference in rats given a choice diet.
peer_reviewed_research
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
Amylin Analog Pramlintide Induces Migraine-like Attacks in Patients.
peer_reviewed_research
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide: An Amylin Analogue Protects Endothelial Cells against Oxidative Stress through Regulating Oxidative Markers and NF-κb Expression.
peer_reviewed_research
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Osteosarcoma through Metabolic Reprogramming.
peer_reviewed_research
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide for post-bariatric hypoglycaemia.
peer_reviewed_research
2022 · study · Temporal status not established
Zn(II) binding to pramlintide results in a structural kink, fibril formation and antifungal activity.
peer_reviewed_research
2023 · study · Temporal status not established
Contraction of human brain vascular pericytes in response to islet amyloid polypeptide is reversed by pramlintide.
peer_reviewed_research
2023 · study · Temporal status not established
A co-formulation of pramlintide and insulin A21G (ADO09) improves postprandial glucose and short-term control of mean glucose, time in range, and body weight versus insulin aspart in adults with type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
Simple meal announcements and pramlintide delivery versus carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes with automated fast-acting insulin aspart delivery: a randomised crossover trial in Montreal, Canada.
peer_reviewed_research
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
A model of subcutaneous pramlintide pharmacokinetics and its effect on gastric emptying: Proof-of-concept based on populational data.
peer_reviewed_research
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
Chronic pramlintide decreases feeding via a reduction in meal size in male rats.
peer_reviewed_research
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
Pramlintide an Adjunct to Insulin Therapy: Challenges and Recent Progress in Delivery.
peer_reviewed_research
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
Liraglutide versus pramlintide in protecting against cognitive function impairment through affecting PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/TTBK1 pathway and decreasing Tau hyperphosphorylation in high-fat diet- streptozocin rat model.
peer_reviewed_research
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
A temperature-responsive dual-hormone foam nanoengine improves rectal absorptivity of insulin-pramlintide for diabetes treatment.
peer_reviewed_research
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
ADO09, a co-formulation of pramlintide and insulin A21G, lowers body weight versus insulin lispro in type 1 diabetes.
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
Central pramlintide administration potently suppresses operant responding for sucrose and locomotor activity in male rats.
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
Intranasal pramlintide matches intraperitoneal effects on food intake and gastric emptying in mice.
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
A Pilot Outpatient Assessment of a Fully Closed-Loop Insulin and Pramlintide System.
peer_reviewed_research
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
In silico evaluation of pramlintide dosing algorithms in artificial pancreas systems.
peer_reviewed_research
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
Regulatory review: not_approved
European Union — EMA
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
Regulatory review: approved
United States — FDA

The represented chronology reflects records currently included in the governed dataset and does not claim to represent the entire scientific literature.

What still needs investigation

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No institutional claim record is currently represented for this peptide.

Evidence is missing or not represented as studied; this is not a conclusion that the intervention does not work.

Pramlintide research, ranked and separated by purpose

Pramlintide: what this atlas does and does not establish

Practice-defining evidence

Strong supporting evidence

Contextual evidence

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The state of the record

Evidence, claims, and boundaries

6 conclusions connected to 0 featured studies

Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycaemic and weight control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year, randomized controlled trial.

Progressive reduction in body weight after treatment with the amylin analog pramlintide in obese subjects: a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.

Chemistry and represented biological context

Molecular and structural record

Continue through the research system

Research discovery

How the scientific record is developing

Research chronology

Effect of 14 days' subcutaneous administration of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide (AC137), on an intravenous insulin challenge and response to a standard liquid meal in patients with IDDM.

Amylin's pramlintide best of bad bunch of diabetes drugs.

Amylin and glycaemic regulation: a possible role for the human amylin analogue pramlintide.

Effects of 4 weeks' administration of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, on glycaemia control in patients with IDDM: effects on plasma glucose profiles and serum fructosamine concentrations.

USAN Council. List No.392. New names. Pramlintide.

Effects of Amylin and the Amylin Agonist Pramlintide on Glucose Metabolism

Pramlintide: a human amylin analogue reduced postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Effects of pramlintide, an analog of human amylin, on plasma glucose profiles in patients with IDDM: results of a multicenter trial.

Infusion of pramlintide, a human amylin analogue, delays gastric emptying in men with IDDM.

Isolation and identification of peptide degradation products of heat stressed pramlintide injection drug product.

Nephrectomy decreases amylin and pramlintide clearance in rats.

The effect of single doses of pramlintide on gastric emptying of two meals in men with IDDM.

Pramlintide, a synthetic analog of human amylin, improves the metabolic profile of patients with type 2 diabetes using insulin. The Pramlintide in Type 2 Diabetes Group.

[Effects of pramlintide, an analog of amylin, on the regulation of glycemia].

The effect of pramlintide (amylin analogue) treatment on bone metabolism and bone density in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Isolation and identification of cyclic imide and deamidation products in heat stressed pramlintide injection drug product.

Effects of the amylin analogue pramlintide on hepatic glucagon responses and intermediary metabolism in Type 1 diabetic subjects.

USAN Council. List No. 419. New names. Pramlintide acetate.

Pramlintide. AC 137, ACO 137, Normylin, Symlin, Tripro-amylin.

The amylin analog pramlintide improves glycemic control and reduces postprandial glucagon concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Kinetics of pramlintide degradation in aqueous solution as a function of temperature and pH.

Orthogonal HPLC methods for quantitating related substances and degradation products of pramlintide.

Pramlintide injection drug product robustness studies.

Pramlintide, an amylin analog, selectively delays gastric emptying: potential role of vagal inhibition.

Pramlintide (Amylin).

Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a physiological approach toward improved metabolic control.

Pramlintide: FDA wants more.

A randomized study and open-label extension evaluating the long-term efficacy of pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.

The human amylin analog, pramlintide, corrects postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.

The human amylin analog, pramlintide, reduces postprandial hyperglucagonemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Adjunctive therapy with the amylin analogue pramlintide leads to a combined improvement in glycemic and weight control in insulin-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Anti-diabetogenic effect of the human amylin analogue, pramlintide, in Type 1 diabetes is not mediated by GLP-1.

Pramlintide: an agent for glycemic control plus weight control?

Is pramlintide an adjunct to insulin therapy?

Effects of pramlintide, an amylin analogue, on gastric emptying in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.

Pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial.

Ex vivo human placental transfer of the peptides pramlintide and exenatide (synthetic exendin-4).

Pramlintide for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Pramlintide: (AC 137, AC 0137, Symlin, Tripro-Amylin).

Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to regular insulin or insulin lispro in subjects with type 1 diabetes: a dose-timing study.

Impact of pramlintide on glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose, glucagon, and triglyceride excursions among patients with type 1 diabetes intensively treated with insulin pumps.

Addition of pramlintide to insulin therapy lowers HbA1c in conjunction with weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes approaching glycaemic targets.

Effect of pramlintide on A1C and body weight in insulin-treated African Americans and Hispanics with type 2 diabetes: a pooled post hoc analysis.

Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy improves long-term glycaemic and weight control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year, randomized controlled trial.

Pramlintide for the treatment of insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus: rationale and review of clinical data.

Pramlintide reduces postprandial glucose excursions when added to insulin lispro in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a dose-timing study.

Effect of pramlintide on weight in overweight and obese insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients.

Effect of pramlintide on symptom, catecholamine, and glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in healthy subjects.

New drugs: exenatide, pramlintide acetate, and micafungin sodium.

Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide lowers HbA1c without concomitant weight gain and increased risk of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes approaching glycemic targets.

Pramlintide (symlin) for diabetes.

Pramlintide in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Pramlintide acetate.

Effect of pramlintide on satiety and food intake in obese subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Effects of pramlintide on postprandial glucose excursions and measures of oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Properties of pramlintide and insulin upon mixing.

The effect of pramlintide on hormonal, metabolic or symptomatic responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing pramlintide treatment in the setting of intensive insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes.

Adjunctive therapy with pramlintide in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes basics. Exenatide and pramlintide. New meds on the block.