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Leuprolide — Peptide Scientific Intelligence
Scientific intelligence record
Experience 2.0
GnRH agonist
Leuprolide
Leuprolide is a synthetic nonapeptide agonist of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Initial continuous exposure can transiently increase luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and gonadal steroid concentrations; sustained depot exposure then desensitizes pituitary GnRH signaling and suppresses gonadal steroid production. This biphasic action supports product-specific uses in prostate cancer, central precocious puberty, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids, while stimulation-test and assisted-reproduction contexts use different timing and objectives.
Record status
Traceability partial
Last meaningful update: 9/9/2026
Evidence searched through:
Not recorded
Assessment updated:
9/9/2026
Last human review:
No accountable human review represented
Governed reviewed evidence
25
Governed records, not an efficacy score or total literature count.
Evidence boundary
0 / 25
Claim-linked support versus recorded evidence.
Research gaps
1
Human experience · separate evidence stream
No community pattern is displayed yet
Eligible observations remain below the privacy and reliability threshold. WPF will not convert a handful of reports into a percentage, trend, or clinical claim.
Observation is valuable human context. It is not evidence of causation, efficacy, or safety.
Public display gate
n ≥ 20 eligible observations
Exact progress remains private before the threshold.
Chronology, unresolved research questions, opportunities, and researcher activity remain descriptive rather than evaluative.
Research chronology
1986 · study · Temporal status not established
Single-dose pharmacokinetics of leuprolide in humans following intravenous and subcutaneous administration.
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
1989 · study · Temporal status not established
A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma.
The New England journal of medicine
1993 · study · Temporal status not established
Role of leuprolide acetate depot in hysteroscopic surgery: a controlled study.
Fertility and sterility
1994 · study · Temporal status not established
Absence of a dose-response effect of leuprolide acetate on leiomyomata uteri size.
Fertility and sterility
Connections
Follow the scientific relationships
Connections appear only when they are represented by the project’s underlying records.
Open 12 represented connections ↓Close represented connections ↑
institution
The New England journal of medicine
represented evidence source
institution
Fertility and sterility
represented evidence source
institution
BJU international
represented evidence source
institution
Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM
Traceability
Follow the record back to its source
The experience makes incomplete links visible instead of presenting a false impression of perfect provenance.
Source publication state
A governed source may be verified and approved for publication while its claim-to-evidence link is still incomplete.
Reviewer provenance state
“Human scientist reviewed: no” means that specific source-path attribution is not recorded. It does not silently negate the separate publication-review state.
Claim → Evidence
Incomplete
Evidence → Source
Connected
Source → Original record
Connected
Traceability documents how the project connects statements to records. It does not establish that a source is scientifically valid or that a claim is clinically true.
Incomplete links: claim-to-evidence
Inspect 25 source paths ↓Close source paths ↑
The efficacy and safety of degarelix: a 12-month, comparative, randomized, open-label, parallel-group phase III study in patients with prostate cancer.
Observational archive
What contributors reported
Observational archive data is intentionally separated from published scientific evidence.
Observational boundary
Insufficient eligible observations are available for display under the current filters.
Insufficient eligible observations are currently represented to display aggregated findings for this peptide.
Regulatory context
Reviewed jurisdictional records
Regulatory status is jurisdiction-specific and time-dependent. It is presented as context, not as a recommendation for use or a substitute for scientific evidence evaluation.
Only media explicitly linked through the project’s relationship system appears here.
No scientifically connected media is currently represented for this peptide.
Sources + provenance
Read the scientific record with its boundaries intact
The public record organizes reviewed evidence; it does not establish scientific truth by itself.
Association, mechanism, observation and regulatory status must not be represented as proof of clinical efficacy or safety.
Observational reports describe contributor experiences and cannot establish causation, effectiveness, safety or clinical benefit.
Contradictory and qualifying evidence must remain visible rather than being silently discarded.
Absence of represented evidence is not evidence that research does not exist.
Research gaps identify unresolved questions; they are not negative conclusions.
Regulatory status is distinct from scientific evidence quality.
Media relationships provide context and explanation; they do not increase the strength of scientific evidence.
A section with no represented records is an incomplete project record, not a scientific conclusion.
Leuprolide evidence · ranking key
How evidence is ranked
A tier describes the evidentiary role and design strength of a source. It is not a popularity score, proof that every conclusion is correct, or a substitute for claim-level review.
A
Practice-defining evidence
Large, well-conducted randomized trials; prespecified major outcomes; rigorous systematic reviews or meta-analyses; and major regulatory assessments.
Retrospective cohorts, claims-database studies, pharmacovigilance analyses, mechanistic human research, and well-documented case series.
D
Signal-generating evidence
Case reports, conference abstracts, preclinical research, hypothesis-generating analyses, and expert commentary.
Tier and confidence answer different questions
Tier classifies source design and evidentiary role. Confidence reflects risk of bias, sample size, comparator quality, outcome relevance, follow-up, missing data, directness, replication, reporting quality, and whether conclusions stay within the measured results.
Governed scientific evidence
Evidence Passport
Duplicate-safe scientific sources under accountable human review. Identified or pending records do not contribute as approved evidence.
0
Insufficient
WPF-EMM-1.0
Identified sources
6
Governed reviewed
0
Evidence approved for publication
0
Audit view
Evidence integrity map
Human and preclinical evidence remain separate. Source identity, claim-to-source traceability, review dates, conflicts, limitations, and unknowns stay visible rather than being collapsed into one score.
4 unresolved signals
Human evidence
0
Preclinical evidence
0
Unresolved questions remain visible.
Human experience
Below display gate
Observations never become clinical evidence.
• The initial hormonal flare can temporarily worsen disease manifestations in susceptible patients. Longer suppression can affect bone density, vasomotor symptoms, mood, sexual function, fertility, body composition, glucose and cardiovascular risk; pediatric monitoring and pregnancy exclusions require indication-specific attention. Depot products and intervals are not automatically interchangeable. Trial eras, open-label designs, surrogate endpoints, background therapies, and sponsor involvement limit some comparisons. Current labeling and specialist guidance—not this profile—control selection, precautions, monitoring, and use.
• The presence of published evidence does not by itself establish safety, efficacy, causation or clinical benefit.
Inspect the published evidence record25 governed records · titles, provenance, and original-source linksOpen records ↓Close records ↑
2008Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 91/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
70/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
The efficacy and safety of degarelix: a 12-month, comparative, randomized, open-label, parallel-group phase III study in patients with prostate cancer.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of degarelix, a new gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist (blocker), vs leuprolide for achieving and maintaining testosterone suppression in a 1-year phase III trial involving patients with prostate cancer.
Authors
Laurence Klotz, Laurent Boccon-Gibod, Neal D Shore, Cal Andreou, Bo-Eric Persson, Per Cantor, Jens-Kristian Jensen, Tine Kold Olesen, Fritz H Schröder
Improved Outcomes with Enzalutamide in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.
Patients with prostate cancer who have high-risk biochemical recurrence have an increased risk of progression.
Authors
Stephen J Freedland, Murilo de Almeida Luz, Ugo De Giorgi, Martin Gleave, Geoffrey T Gotto, Christopher M Pieczonka, Gabriel P Haas, Choung-Soo Kim, Miguel Ramirez-Backhaus, Antti Rannikko, Jamal Tarazi, Swetha Sridharan
Evidence strength A · 91/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Monitoring treatment of central precocious puberty using basal luteinizing hormone levels and practical considerations for dosing with a 3-month leuprolide acetate formulation.
Peak gonadotropin-releasing hormone or agonist (GnRHa) stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) testing with leuprolide acetate (LA) is commonly used to document suppression during therapy for central precocious puberty (CPP).
Authors
Peter A Lee, Margaret Luce, Peter Bacher
Source
Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM
Evidence strength A · 91/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
70/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Oral Relugolix for Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer.
Injectable luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (e.g., leuprolide) are the standard agents for achieving androgen deprivation for prostate cancer despite the initial testosterone surge and delay in therapeutic effect.
Authors
Neal D Shore, Fred Saad, Michael S Cookson, Daniel J George, Daniel R Saltzstein, Ronald Tutrone, Hideyuki Akaza, Alberto Bossi, David F van Veenhuyzen, Bryan Selby, Xiaolin Fan, Vicky Kang
Source
The New England journal of medicine
DOI
10.1056/nejmoa2004325
PubMed
32469183
2012Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 91/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Ulipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroids.
The efficacy and side-effect profile of ulipristal acetate as compared with those of leuprolide acetate for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids before surgery are unclear.
Authors
Jacques Donnez, Janusz Tomaszewski, Francisco Vázquez, Philippe Bouchard, Boguslav Lemieszczuk, Francesco Baró, Kazem Nouri, Luigi Selvaggi, Krzysztof Sodowski, Elke Bestel, Paul Terrill, Ian Osterloh
Evidence strength A · 91/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
A New Sustained-release, 3-Month Leuprolide Acetate Formulation Achieves and Maintains Castrate Concentrations of Testosterone in Patients With Prostate Cancer.
This clinical trial investigated the effectiveness, pharmacokinetic properties, and safety profile of leuprolide acetate 22.5-mg depot, a new 3-month leuprolide depot formulation, as androgen deprivation therapy for patients with prostate cancer.
Authors
Neal D Shore, Sílvia Guerrero, Rosa Ma Sanahuja, Gemma Gambús, Antonio Parente
Source
Clinical therapeutics
DOI
10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.01.004
PubMed
30929678
2018Phase 3 human evidence
Evidence strength A · 91/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
70/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
FSH suppression and tumour control in patients with prostate cancer during androgen deprivation with a GnRH agonist or antagonist.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists suppress follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to lower levels than GnRH agonists.
Authors
E David Crawford, B Tombal, T Keane, F Boccardo, K Miller, N Shore, J W Moul, J-E Damber, L Collette, B-E Persson
Evidence strength A · 91/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Testosterone Recovery for Relugolix Versus Leuprolide in Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer: Results from the Phase 3 HERO Study.
In the HERO study, relugolix demonstrated sustained testosterone suppression superior to that of leuprolide acetate (97% vs 89%; difference 7.9% [95% confidence interval, 4.1-12%; p < 0.001]).
Authors
Ronald Tutrone, Fred Saad, Daniel J George, Bertrand Tombal, James L Bailen, Michael S Cookson, Daniel R Saltzstein, Sarah Hanson, Bruce Brown, Sophia Lu, Mark Fallick, Neal D Shore
Source
European urology oncology
DOI
10.1016/j.euo.2023.11.024
PubMed
38143206
2001Phase 1–2 human evidence
Evidence strength B · 80/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Randomized double-blind study evaluating the efficacy on uterine fibroids shrinkage and on intra-operative blood loss of different length of leuprolide acetate depot treatment before myomectomy.
To determine whether length of pre-operative treatment with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) may have different effects on uterine shrinkage and intra-operative blood loss, 36 patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids awaiting myomectomy were randomly divided into two groups.
Authors
V M Jasonni, R D'Anna, A Mancuso, C Caruso, F Corrado, I Leonardi
Source
Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica
DOI
10.1034/j.1600-0412.2001.801014.x
2011Phase 1–2 human evidence
Evidence strength B · 80/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
A 6-month depot formulation of leuprolide acetate is safe and effective in daily clinical practice: a non-interventional prospective study in 1273 patients.
Testosterone stimulates growth in many prostate tumours.
Evidence strength B · 80/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Comparative efficacy of triptorelin pamoate and leuprolide acetate in men with advanced prostate cancer.
To compare the efficacy of monthly administrations of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists triptorelin pamoate and leuprolide acetate to induce and maintain castrate levels of serum testosterone in men with advanced prostate cancer.
Authors
C F Heyns, M-P Simonin, P Grosgurin, R Schall, H C Porchet, South African Triptorelin Study Group
Evidence strength B · 80/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma.
To test the hypothesis that maximal androgen blockade improves the effectiveness of the treatment of prostatic cancer, we conducted a randomized, double-blind trial in patients with disseminated, previously untreated prostate cancer (stage D2).
Authors
E D Crawford, M A Eisenberger, D G McLeod, J T Spaulding, R Benson, F A Dorr, B A Blumenstein, M A Davis, P J Goodman
Evidence strength B · 80/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Comparison of leuprolide acetate and triptorelin in assisted reproductive technology cycles: a prospective, randomized study.
To compare the use of two depot GnRH-a, leuprolide and triptorelin, in long-suppression GnRH-a protocols.
Authors
Raoul Orvieto, Ram Kerner, Haim Krissi, Jacob Ashkenazi, Zion Ben Rafael, Itai Bar-Hava
Evidence strength B · 80/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Single-dose pharmacokinetics of leuprolide in humans following intravenous and subcutaneous administration.
A group of six normal adult male volunteers was divided into two groups (I and II) who received bolus intravenous and subcutaneous 1-mg doses of leuprolide.
Authors
L T Sennello, R A Finley, S Y Chu, C Jagst, D Max, D E Rollins, K G Tolman
Evidence strength B · 80/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Cardiovascular Safety of Degarelix Versus Leuprolide in Patients With Prostate Cancer: The Primary Results of the PRONOUNCE Randomized Trial.
The relative cardiovascular safety of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists compared with GnRH agonists in men with prostate cancer and known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains controversial.
Authors
Renato D Lopes, Celestia S Higano, Susan F Slovin, Adam J Nelson, Robert Bigelow, Per S Sørensen, Chiara Melloni, Shaun G Goodman, Christopher P Evans, Jan Nilsson, Deepak L Bhatt, Noel W Clarke
Source
Circulation
DOI
10.1161/circulationaha.121.056810
PubMed
1993Phase 1–2 human evidence
Evidence strength B · 80/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Role of leuprolide acetate depot in hysteroscopic surgery: a controlled study.
To evaluate leuprolide acetate (LA) depot (Enantone Depot, Takeda, Italy) when administered preoperatively in hysteroscopic surgery.
Evidence strength B · 80/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Utility of single luteinizing hormone determination 3 h after depot leuprolide in monitoring therapy of gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty.
To determine utility of luteinizing hormone (LH) estimation, post intramuscular (IM) depot leuprolide in comparison with subcutaneous leuprolide stimulation test.
Authors
Shrikrishna V Acharya, Raju A Gopal, Joe George, Tushar R Bandgar, Padma S Menon, Nalini S Shah
Evidence strength B · 80/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Leuprolide acetate depot and hormonal add-back in endometriosis: a 12-month study. Lupron Add-Back Study Group.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a GnRH agonist, leuprolide acetate depot, alone and in combination with three hormonal add-back regimens in the management of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain.
Authors
M D Hornstein, E S Surrey, G W Weisberg, L A Casino
Evidence strength B · 80/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Absence of a dose-response effect of leuprolide acetate on leiomyomata uteri size.
To evaluate the effects of two different doses (3.75 mg versus 7.5 mg) of leuprolide acetate (LA, Lupron; Tap Pharmaceuticals, Deerfield, IL) on myoma size, blood loss during myomectomy, on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal quality, and histopathologic changes in women requiring myomectomy.
Authors
R J Kiltz, J Rutgers, J Phillips, M L Murugesapillai, O A Kletzky
Evidence strength B · 80/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
70/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist use before hysterectomy.
Our purpose was to compare the effects of leuprolide acetate in patients with symptomatic uterine leiomyoma before hysterectomy.
Evidence strength B · 80/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Randomized trial of leuprolide versus continuous oral contraceptives in the treatment of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain.
To compare the efficacy of leuprolide and continuous oral contraceptives in the treatment of endometriosis-associated pain.
Authors
David S Guzick, Li-Shan Huang, Betsy A Broadman, Maureen Nealon, Mark D Hornstein
Evidence strength B · 75/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Effectiveness of leuprolide acetate administered monthly compared to three-monthly in the treatment of central precocious puberty: evaluation at the end of treatment.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs are the standard treatment for central precocious puberty (CPP).
Evidence strength B · 75/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Gonadotropin and Estradiol Levels after Leuprolide Stimulation Tests in Brazilian Girls with Precocious Puberty.
To determine the best cutoff value on the leuprolide stimulation test for the diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) in a Brazilian population.
Authors
Flavia R R Junqueira, Lucia A S Lara, Wellington P Martins, Rui A Ferriani, Ana Carolina J S Rosa-E-Silva, Marcos Felipe S de Sá, Rosana M Reis
Evidence strength A · 88/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
85/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
The Effect of Leuprolide Acetate 11.25 mg 3-Month Formulation in Children with Central Precocious Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Compared to the well-established leuprolide acetate (LA) 1-month formulations, the LA 11.25 mg 3-month formulation could reduce the frequency of injections and potentially improve treatment adherence in children with central precocious puberty (CPP).
Evidence strength A · 86/100 · ProvisionalHow this is rated
This score estimates how strongly this source can support scientific claims. It is not a prestige score, and the grade does not transfer automatically to every claim that cites the source.
Grade guide: A+/A is the strongest represented support; B+/B is substantial but qualified; C is limited, indirect, observational, or preclinical; D/E is weak, mechanistic-only, anecdotal, or insufficient.
Directness
70/100
Replication
70/100
Provisional ratings are automated baselines from structured metadata. They are not completed full-text risk-of-bias reviews and may change after editorial assessment.
Methodology: WPF-ESR-1.0
Are all gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists equivalent for the treatment of prostate cancer? A systematic review.
To review direct comparative studies of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists goserelin, triptorelin, and leuprorelin for the treatment of prostate cancer, and identify whether there are meaningful clinical differences between these agents.
Chemical identity describes the recorded molecular information. It does not establish biological activity, clinical efficacy, safety, or therapeutic suitability.
1994 · study · Temporal status not established
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist use before hysterectomy.
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
1998 · study · Temporal status not established
Leuprolide acetate depot and hormonal add-back in endometriosis: a 12-month study. Lupron Add-Back Study Group.
Obstetrics and gynecology
2001 · study · Temporal status not established
Randomized double-blind study evaluating the efficacy on uterine fibroids shrinkage and on intra-operative blood loss of different length of leuprolide acetate depot treatment before myomectomy.
Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica
2002 · study · Temporal status not established
Comparison of leuprolide acetate and triptorelin in assisted reproductive technology cycles: a prospective, randomized study.
Fertility and sterility
2003 · study · Temporal status not established
Comparative efficacy of triptorelin pamoate and leuprolide acetate in men with advanced prostate cancer.
BJU international
2008 · study · Temporal status not established
The efficacy and safety of degarelix: a 12-month, comparative, randomized, open-label, parallel-group phase III study in patients with prostate cancer.
BJU international
2009 · study · Temporal status not established
Utility of single luteinizing hormone determination 3 h after depot leuprolide in monitoring therapy of gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty.
Pituitary
2011 · study · Temporal status not established
A 6-month depot formulation of leuprolide acetate is safe and effective in daily clinical practice: a non-interventional prospective study in 1273 patients.
BMC urology
2011 · study · Temporal status not established
Randomized trial of leuprolide versus continuous oral contraceptives in the treatment of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain.
Fertility and sterility
2012 · study · Temporal status not established
Ulipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroids.
The New England journal of medicine
2015 · study · Temporal status not established
Gonadotropin and Estradiol Levels after Leuprolide Stimulation Tests in Brazilian Girls with Precocious Puberty.
Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology
2016 · study · Temporal status not established
Monitoring treatment of central precocious puberty using basal luteinizing hormone levels and practical considerations for dosing with a 3-month leuprolide acetate formulation.
Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM
2018 · study · Temporal status not established
FSH suppression and tumour control in patients with prostate cancer during androgen deprivation with a GnRH agonist or antagonist.
Scandinavian journal of urology
2018 · study · Temporal status not established
Are all gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists equivalent for the treatment of prostate cancer? A systematic review.
BJU international
2019 · study · Temporal status not established
A New Sustained-release, 3-Month Leuprolide Acetate Formulation Achieves and Maintains Castrate Concentrations of Testosterone in Patients With Prostate Cancer.
Clinical therapeutics
2020 · study · Temporal status not established
Oral Relugolix for Androgen-Deprivation Therapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer.
The New England journal of medicine
2021 · study · Temporal status not established
Cardiovascular Safety of Degarelix Versus Leuprolide in Patients With Prostate Cancer: The Primary Results of the PRONOUNCE Randomized Trial.
Circulation
2023 · study · Temporal status not established
Improved Outcomes with Enzalutamide in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.
The New England journal of medicine
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
Testosterone Recovery for Relugolix Versus Leuprolide in Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer: Results from the Phase 3 HERO Study.
European urology oncology
2024 · study · Temporal status not established
Effectiveness of leuprolide acetate administered monthly compared to three-monthly in the treatment of central precocious puberty: evaluation at the end of treatment.
Frontiers in endocrinology
2025 · study · Temporal status not established
The Effect of Leuprolide Acetate 11.25 mg 3-Month Formulation in Children with Central Precocious Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Advances in therapy
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
Regulatory review: approved
United States (FDA — LUPRON DEPOT)
2026 · regulatory · Temporal status not established
Regulatory review: approved
United States (FDA — LUPRON DEPOT-PED)
The represented chronology reflects records currently included in the governed dataset and does not claim to represent the entire scientific literature.
What still needs investigation
Claim traceability
No institutional claim record is currently represented for this peptide.
Evidence is missing or not represented as studied; this is not a conclusion that the intervention does not work.
Researchers represented in the evidence record12 bibliographic identities · open to inspect
These are bibliographic author identities derived from represented records. Name strings are not proof of unique real-world researcher identity, and publishing organizations are not treated as institutional affiliations.
Neal D Shore
4 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2008, 2019, 2020, 2024
Publishing organizations appearing in records: BJU international, Clinical therapeutics, European urology oncology, The New England journal of medicine
Daniel J George
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2020, 2024
Publishing organizations appearing in records: European urology oncology, The New England journal of medicine
Daniel R Saltzstein
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2020, 2024
Publishing organizations appearing in records: European urology oncology, The New England journal of medicine
Fred Saad
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2020, 2024
Publishing organizations appearing in records: European urology oncology, The New England journal of medicine
Michael S Cookson
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2020, 2024
Publishing organizations appearing in records: European urology oncology, The New England journal of medicine
Ronald Tutrone
2 represented evidence records
Years represented: 2020, 2024
Publishing organizations appearing in records: European urology oncology, The New England journal of medicine
A Mancuso
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2001
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica
A Perino
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 1993
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Fertility and sterility
Adam J Nelson
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2021
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Circulation
Alberto Bossi
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2020
Publishing organizations appearing in records: The New England journal of medicine
Ana Carolina J S Rosa-E-Silva
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2015
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology
Antonio Parente
1 represented evidence record
Years represented: 2019
Publishing organizations appearing in records: Clinical therapeutics
represented evidence source
institution
Clinical therapeutics
represented evidence source
institution
Scandinavian journal of urology
represented evidence source
institution
European urology oncology
represented evidence source
institution
Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica
represented evidence source
institution
BMC urology
represented evidence source
institution
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
represented evidence source
institution
Circulation
represented evidence source
institution
Pituitary
represented evidence source
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 88bd2e7554aea1e6d09a4c4d30392859
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Monitoring treatment of central precocious puberty using basal luteinizing hormone levels and practical considerations for dosing with a 3-month leuprolide acetate formulation.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: d6d5fb5e29afac855e5acdecc4cf5ff7
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
A New Sustained-release, 3-Month Leuprolide Acetate Formulation Achieves and Maintains Castrate Concentrations of Testosterone in Patients With Prostate Cancer.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: d36ac15824b8f4c892a9b8cceaaf9153
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Randomized double-blind study evaluating the efficacy on uterine fibroids shrinkage and on intra-operative blood loss of different length of leuprolide acetate depot treatment before myomectomy.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 6d2a1df5fe477f272ebfd070a9ae4c95
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
A 6-month depot formulation of leuprolide acetate is safe and effective in daily clinical practice: a non-interventional prospective study in 1273 patients.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: 660900ee19cc9b11a37a99416c619a8a
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Effectiveness of leuprolide acetate administered monthly compared to three-monthly in the treatment of central precocious puberty: evaluation at the end of treatment.
Claim: Not linked · Evidence: ec301cb3067d75a668502b095e6ce29e
Machine extracted: no · Human scientist reviewed: no · Externally validated: no
Incomplete path: claim, extraction-status
Researcher and institutional relationships are shown only when supported by represented records and must not be interpreted as rankings or endorsements.
Generated: 9/18/2026, 3:04:02 PM
Funding and conflicts are disclosed and considered, but sponsorship never automatically changes a tier. Corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern override the original rating.
Durable source IDs
6/6
Claim-to-source chain
Partial
Evidence searched through: Not recorded
Last accountable review: Not recorded
Inspect unresolved signals (4)
No governed reviewed scientific source is represented.
The last accountable evidence-review date is not recorded.
At least one claim-to-original-source traceability step is not represented.
The literature search-through date is not recorded.
These are documentary and scientific-review signals, not conclusions of harm, ineffectiveness, safety, or absence of research.
Human relevance0
Study design0
Evidence breadth0
Consistency0
Governance quality0
Uncertainty resolution0
Why this rating
No governed reviewed scientific evidence is available.
Source-level review states (6)
identifiedother
The efficacy and safety of degarelix: a 12-month, comparative, randomized, open-label, parallel-group phase III study in patients with prostate cancer.
This maturity index describes evidence-base development and governance. It is not a probability of efficacy, safety, truth, medical advice, or regulatory approval. Read the methodology.