WEBVTT 00:00:02.208 --> 00:00:07.428 MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid signal encoded in mitochondrial DNA, 00:00:08.528 --> 00:00:12.783 connecting cellular energy sensing with metabolism and physical performance. 00:00:12.808 --> 00:00:16.608 CohBar dates its discovery to 2012. 00:00:17.648 --> 00:00:21.763 Changhan Lee and Pinchas Cohen led the first published report 00:00:21.788 --> 00:00:27.588 in 2015 at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, United States. 00:00:28.548 --> 00:00:33.428 By 2026, that represents 11 years of published research. 00:00:34.408 --> 00:00:38.363 A modified candidate, CB4211, 00:00:38.388 --> 00:00:41.528 entered human testing in 2018. 00:00:42.028 --> 00:00:48.208 Cell studies link MOTS-c to AMPK, an energy-sensing pathway. 00:00:49.008 --> 00:00:50.783 Under metabolic stress, it 00:00:50.808 --> 00:00:54.888 can enter the nucleus and regulate genes involved in cellular adaptation. 00:00:56.048 --> 00:00:57.343 In mice, administered 00:00:57.368 --> 00:01:03.028 MOTS-c improved insulin sensitivity and reduced weight gain on a high-fat diet. 00:01:03.968 --> 00:01:09.248 In 2021, treated older mice ran about twice as long as untreated mice. 00:01:10.088 --> 00:01:11.963 Metabolic flexibility means 00:01:11.988 --> 00:01:16.748 switching between fat and carbohydrate fuels as energy demands change. 00:01:17.948 --> 00:01:22.728 A 2026 registry describes a planned 12-week trial in Shenzhen, 00:01:22.988 --> 00:01:26.688 China, in adults with prediabetes and excess weight. 00:01:27.568 --> 00:01:29.828 No results were posted when checked. 00:01:30.748 --> 00:01:35.468 Human treatment benefits and long-term safety remain to be established. 00:01:36.528 --> 00:01:39.548 Its research targets include insulin sensitivity, 00:01:40.248 --> 00:01:44.648 metabolic flexibility, muscle function and cellular stress adaptation. 00:01:45.948 --> 00:01:47.423 World Peptide Foundation. 00:01:47.448 --> 00:01:49.763 Peptides in 2. 00:01:49.788 --> 00:01:51.768 Every experience matters.