{"schemaVersion":"wpf-profile-export-v1","exportedAt":"2026-09-18T15:18:27.815Z","profile":{"slug":"thymosin-alpha-1","name":"Thymosin alpha-1","aliases":["Thymalfasin","Thymosin α1","Tα1","Zadaxin"],"category":"Immune-modulating thymic peptide"},"synthesis":{"mechanism":"Thymosin alpha-1 (thymalfasin) is an N-terminally acetylated 28-amino-acid peptide originally isolated from thymic tissue and corresponding to a region of prothymosin alpha. It has context-dependent immunomodulatory effects involving dendritic-cell maturation, innate pattern-recognition signaling, T-cell function, cytokine regulation, and restoration of immune responsiveness; these mechanisms do not imply benefit for every immune or infectious condition.","evidence":"The literature includes randomized and nonrandomized clinical studies, systematic reviews, and mechanistic research across chronic viral hepatitis, cancer adjunct therapy, severe infection, immune dysfunction, and COVID-19. Results vary substantially by indication and study quality. Thymalfasin has been marketed in some countries, but no FDA- or centrally EMA-approved indication was identified in the September 2026 review.","safety":"Clinical studies often describe acceptable short-term tolerability, but safety must be interpreted by indication, population, concomitant therapy, product, and duration. Injection reactions, hypersensitivity, immune-mediated effects, interactions with immunosuppressive or immunostimulatory therapy, and uncertainty in pregnancy, pediatrics, autoimmune disease, transplantation, and prolonged use require careful evaluation.","observationalBoundary":"This profile presents 25 compound-specific PubMed records and keeps efficacy, safety, mechanistic, regulatory, and international-market context separate. Approval or use in one country is not generalized to the United States, European Union, another indication, or an unverified product.","openQuestions":"Which indications have reproducible clinically meaningful benefit beyond surrogate immune markers? Which populations, combinations, and treatment durations provide favorable benefit-risk profiles? How do product quality, dosing protocols, baseline immune state, and regional standards affect outcomes?"},"completion":{"version":"wpf-profile-v1.0","complete":true,"checks":[{"key":"overview","passed":true,"actual":458,"required":100,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"evidence_summary","passed":true,"actual":426,"required":100,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"safety_summary","passed":true,"actual":424,"required":100,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"archive_boundary","passed":true,"actual":287,"required":75,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"open_questions","passed":true,"actual":301,"required":75,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"verified_sources","passed":true,"actual":25,"required":25,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"reviewed_sources","passed":true,"actual":25,"required":1,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"chemistry","passed":true,"actual":true,"required":true,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"regulatory_context","passed":true,"actual":2,"required":2,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"claims","passed":true,"actual":25,"required":1,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"claim_traceability","passed":true,"actual":0,"required":0,"severity":"blocking"},{"key":"regulatory_freshness","passed":true,"actual":0,"required":0,"severity":"warning"}],"failures":[]},"chemistry":{"id":"1d6ab4f5e3ca789b1a1309ddd93e2268","peptideId":"ced6d428-0ad4-43b5-bf89-21ed495fc82f","molecularFormula":"C129H215N33O55","molecularWeight":3108.3,"aminoAcidSequence":"Ac-SDAAVDTSSEITTKDLKEKKEVVEEAEN","smiles":null,"inchi":null,"inchikey":null,"structureImageUrl":null,"createdAt":"2026-09-08T19:43:04.229Z","updatedAt":"2026-09-08T19:43:04.229Z"},"evidence":[{"id":"15c9271ceedaf263f3732c8928cda597","peptideId":"ced6d428-0ad4-43b5-bf89-21ed495fc82f","title":"Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy plus thymalfasin in locally advanced gastric cancer: a prospective clinical trial.","sourceUrl":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41749205/","evidenceTier":"phase_1_2","summary":"This PubMed-indexed source examines thymosin alpha-1 in the context described by its title: Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy plus thymalfasin in locally advanced gastric cancer: a prospective clinical trial.","authors":"Xu H, Li F, Li B, Yang D, Liu T, Xia Y, Hua H, Li Q, Wang J, Liu H, Xu Z.","publishingOrg":null,"publicationYear":2026,"doi":"10.1186/s12916-026-04740-z","pubmedId":"41749205","jurisdiction":null,"dateAccessed":"2026-09-08T19:43:04.229Z","editorialNotes":"AI-assisted PubMed corpus expansion authorized by owner on 2026-09-08.","sourceType":"peer_reviewed_research","claimSupported":"This source contributes human_interventional evidence concerning Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy plus thymalfasin in locally advanced gastric cancer: a prospective clinical trial.","supportNature":"contextualizes","qualification":"Clinical populations, indications, regimens, study quality, geography, and concomitant therapies vary; 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